&c.; and from it we shall extract, by way of conclusion, two or three paragraphs. at its request that he published the Sermon entitled, 'The Churchman dissuaded from becoming a Member of the Bible Society, and the Extent defended to which Education is carried in the of the most untutored Christian. We would not, any more than our author, "regard in the education of an everlasting creature only the "It was before the District Com very first stage of his existence:" mittee of the Bartlett's Buildings' So we would even give him every in-ciety that Mr. Matthew, preached, and tellectual improvement in our power; but in so doing, we should not imagine that we in any way improved his eternal condition except in proportion as the cultivation of his understanding was connected with the renovation and sanctification of his heart. We allow with Mr. Matthew, that heaven is the region" of light as well as love;" but we cannot conceive, that on that account, the cultivation of our mental powers, or the learning Latin and Greek, has any necessary tendency to "qualify us for that eternal residence." We humbly imagine that the soul of a true believer, however "benighted during its mortal existence with the gloom of ignorance," would not be more "painfully dazzled with the bright radiance of celestial day" than that of the most learned divine. Matthew's system would go far to prove that no illiterate man ever arrived at heaven, or at least was qualified for admission. We shall not attempt gravely to cope with the false theology and incorrectness of argument exhibited throughout these concluding pages; but, leaving them to their own refutation, shall take our leave of Mr. Matthew with an expression of regret that any clergyman should preach, or any committee publish, such a discourse. Mr. It was not till after the whole of the above critique was written that we met with a pamphlet, in answer to Mr. Matthew, "by one of the Secretaries of the Somersetshire Auxiliary Bible Society," and which will probably be found a useful companion to Mr. Matthew's discourse in the immediate neighbour hood where they may both be expected chiefly to circulate. It is entitled "The Churchman upheld in his Support of the Bible Society," CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 188. Schools of our Church.” The un suitableness of such a subject to such an occasion will immediately strike you. What! did that venerable and meritorious Society furnish such scanty materials for its preacher, that he must travel entirely out of his record, and compose his sermon of an attack on another Society, and a vindication of a third? Or was not Mr. M. aware that some of the most efficient supporters of the Bartlett's Buildings' Society in the kingdom at large, in the county audience, were decided, cordial, and of Somerset, and perhaps in his very zealous friends of the Bible Society?. If the various objects within the scope. of the Society which he stood up to advocate did not furnish him a field sufficiently wide for expatiating in, might not its vindication [against some recent charges] have possibly occupied him even more than the time allowed to a pulpit exercise?" "In whatever light the circumstance is viewed, can the choice of such subjects for his sermon be considered otherwise than as a reflection upon the Society he was appointed to preach for?" pp. 7, 8. "What a delightful contrast to the doctrine of Mr. M. does our Church in her formularies present before the humble inquirer after Divine truth! With what pleasure I refer you, my friend, to the first of the Homilies, written by the martyred Cranmer-Homilies which the Church declares in her Articles, and never did the declaration appear so just as it does now-to be necessary for these times. Does that most instructive and authoritative composition on the reading of the holy Scriptures, represent them, as Mr. Matthew does, the source of difficulty and of error, only to be understood by the disciplined and cultivated intellect? This very to controvert" They that have no good position the Church thus sets herself affection to God's word, pretend that the difficulty to understand it, and the hardness 4 A thereof, is so great, that it must be read only by clerks and learned men. Yet he that is so weak that he is not able to bear strong meat, may suck the sweet and tender milk, and defer the rest until he wax stronger, and come to more knowledge: for God receiveth the learned and unlearned, and casteth away none, but is indifferent to all. "And the Scripture is full, as well of low valleys, plain ways, and easy for every man to use and to walk in, as also of high hills and mountains, which few men cơ climb into. And whosoever giveth his mind to holy Scriptures with diligent study and burning desire, it cannot be, saith St. Chrysostom, that he should be left without help. It is not man's human and worldly wisdom, or science, that is needful to the under standing of Scripture, but the revelation of the Holy Ghost, who inspireth the true meaning into them that, with humility and diligence, do search therefor. Although many things, as St. Augustine saith, he spoken in the Scripture in obscure mysteries, yet there is nothing spoken under dark mysteries in one place, but the self-same thing, in other places, is spoken more familiarly and plainly, to the capacity both of learned and unlearned.' And, briefly to conclude, as St. Augustine saith, By the Scripture all men be amended, weak men be strengthened, and strong men be comforted. So that surely none be enemies to the reading of God's word, but such as either be so ignorant, that they know not how wholesome a thing it is, or else be so sick, that they hate the most comfortable medicine that should heal them; or so ungodly, that they would wish the people still to continue in blindness and ignorance of God." pp. 27-29. "I cannot resist a temptation to transcribe a passage from another Homily. The great utility and profit that Christian 1 men may take, if they will, by keuring and reading the holy Scriptures, no heart can sufficiently conceive, much less is any tongue able with words to express. Wherefore Satan, our enemy, sceing the Scriptures to be the very mean and right way to bring the people to the true knowledge of God; and that Christian religion is greatly furthered by hearing and reading of them; he also perceiving what an hinderance and let they be to him and his kingdom, doth what he can to drive the reading of them but of God's church. And for that end he hath always ̧ stirred up, in one place or other, cruel tyrants, sharp persecutors, and extreme enemies unto God and his infallible truth, to pull with violence the holy Bible out of the people's hunds, pretending most untruly that the much hearing and reading of God's word is an occasion of heresy and carnal liberty.-Let every man, woman, and child, therefore, with all their hearts, thirst, and desire God's holy Scriptures; love them, embrace them, have their delight and plea. sure in hearing and reading them. For the holy Scriptures are God's treasure-house, wherein are found all things needful for us to see, to hear, to learn, and to believe necessary for the attaining of eternal life. Thus much is spoken only to give you a taste of some of the commodities which ge may take by hearing and reading the holy Scriptures. For, as I said in the beginning, No tengue is able to declare and utter all. "It is impossible, my friend, to read these passages, and not to feel what side our Reformers, had they been living amongst us, would have taken in this controversy; or rather, how zealously they would have concurred in the ope rations of the Bible Society; and how triumphantly their glorified spirits exult, even now, in its successes." pp. 20, 30. cerning the lower Animals; and Memoirs of the public and private Life of the Right Hon. George Ponsonby; all by Dr Roche;-Travels from Vienna through Lower Hungary; by Dr. Richard Bright;-A translation of Professor Orfila's Elementary Treatise of GREAT BRITAIN. 2) PREPARING for publication:-An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures; by - Mr. T. H. Horne-A Peerage of the United Kingdom, from the earliest Records; by Dr. Blake of Weymouth; The Sceptic an Inquiry concerning the pro-Chemistry Collections towards a Bioaper Cects of Philosophy, and the best Mode conducting Philosophical Researches; Philosophical Researches con graphical Account of the late Duke of Northumberland; by Mr.J. Norris Brewer;- Elements of History and Geography; by Rey, J, Joyce; Memoirs and Correspondence of the late Mrs. Elizabeth Hamilton; The Poetical Remains and Memoirs of the late John Leyden, M. D.;-and Letters on English History, by Mr. Bigland. The discussion, which has for some time been carried on between the Rev. R. Tweddell and the Earl of Elgin respecting the disappearance of the late Mr. Tweddell's Manuscripts and Drawings, is fresh in the recollection of our readers. We have given a brief view of the statements on both sides: and it seems unnecessary to enter farther into the controversy than to notice the result of it. In the "Addenda to Tweddell's Remains," was a letter from Mr. Hamilton, intimating the intention of Lord Elgin to collect and send to London all the drawings of Turkish costumes then in his possession at Broomhall, which might possibly come under the description of those supposed to have been received from the wreck of Mr. Tweddell's property, not without the hope that the originals might have been preserved among his lordship's papers. The let ter mentions further the arrival in London of a box, said to contain those drawings, and invites Mr, R. Tweddell either to attend in person at the opening of it, or to request that favour from some friend, in whose judgment and honour he could confide. The proposed examination was at length made by Mr. Hamilton, Mr. Heys, and Mr. Moore. The following is the account given by the two latter gentlemen, of what passed on the occasion. 66 Minutes of the Examination. "At a meeting holden by appointment, at the Foreign Office in Downingstreet, on the 7th of November, 1816, Mr. Heys and Mr. Moore produced a box, containing sixty-seven drawings of costumes, chiefly Turkish, which they stated to be copies taken for Mr. Nisbet, at Naples, from originals belonging to the plate Mr. John Tweddeit; which originals had been brought home by Mr. Nisbet from Constantinople, and returned into the possession of Lord Elgin, "Mr. Hamilton produced two corded boxes, of different sizes, which he stated had been sent to him by Lord Elgin from Broomhall, in order that their con10tents(might be examined by some one * ou the part of Mr. Robert Tweddella TU slu weld "The smaller of the two boxes produced by Mr. Hamilton, contained ninetyeight drawings of costumes, chiefly Turkish, and of some from other parts of the Levant,the East, and Egypt; and fourteen other drawings or sketches of figures, chiefly Swiss. At the bottom of each of the ninety-eight drawings, there was the Turkish name, and also a short explanation in French, of the figure represented, all in the late Mr. John Tweddell's handwriting. Sixty of these were evidently the originals, from which the same num ber of copies, contained in Mr. Nisbet's box, had been taken; but the boxes produced by Mr. Hamilton contained no originals, from which the remaining seven of Mr. Nisbet's drawings had been copied. There were, however, thirtyeight drawings in this box, of which there were no copies in Mr. Nisbet's box, "The ninety-eight drawings of costumes, all having the late Mr. John Tweddell's hand-writing at the bottom, were admitted, without hesitation, to have belonged to him; and the parties present all thinking it probable that the remaining fourteen drawings or sketches (being found in the same box, and representing the costumes, &c. of countries which he had visited), had belonged to him also, this box, with all its con tents, as above described, was delivered by Mr. Hamilton to Mr. Heys and Mr. Moore, for the use of Mr. Robert Twed. dell,” The larger box was then opened; but from various circumstances it was thought apparent that the drawings contained in it could not have formed any part of Mr. John Tweddell's collection, and therefore this larger box and its contents were retained by Mr. Hamilton for Lord Elgin. The foregoing statement is extracted from a publication by the Rev. R. Twed dell, entitled "The Elgin Box," from which, also, we copy the following notes. "The late Mr. John Tweddell's col lections comprised between three and four hundred drawings, many of them highly finished: such especially were the architectural delineations of Athens and other remains in Greece, which were also of large dimensions: ofothese last, and by far the most valuable productions, it is proper to be noted, that not a single specimen is forthcoming; whilst the whole number of drawings now restored amount only, toe hun dred and twelve mandat. The whole of Mr. Tweddell's MSS. bosare still unaccounted for. Those MSS. comprised the journals of Switzerland ay and the Crimea, (the former in a state of preparation for the press,) with the me fruit of three years and a half of unre se mitted application to every object of Curiosity that had come before him. No Be part of these 'voluminous' papers has 7ɔd yet come to light." e39 Professor Moricchini, of Rome, having at discovered the magnetising power of st the violet rays of the prismatic spectrum, the Marquis Ridolfi bas succeeded in >~ magnetising two needles, the one in thirty, the other in forty-six minutes; *1* and can now charge with the magnetic power, by the same process, as many needles as he pleases. The needles thus magnetised (namely, by directing on and passing over them, for a period of not less than thirty minutes, the violet rays 3 of the spectrum, through the medium of a condensing lens,) possess all the enerDogy and the properties of needles magsnetised in the common way by means of araloadstone. Their homonomous poles · repel, while the heteronomous poles attract each other: and, made to vibrate L on a pivot, their point turns constantly to the north, their heads to the south. This adds greatly to the wonders of magnetism, and must be regarded as a very extraordinary discovery. * 15Our readers are aware, that for some time: past humane endeavours have been made in various quarters for abodishing the present cruel and unneces901 Bary mode of sweeping chimnies. Among other efforts a numerous and highly re*spectable meeting was lately convened $at Free-masons' Hall, to petition Par liaments for a redress of the grievance. wad A Report of the Select Committee, for appointed by the House of Commons to examine into the subject, has been pubzeolished, from which we proceed to give a few extracts." Your Committee 13 find, that in the year 1788 an Act of Parliament was passed, for the better am regulation of Chimney Sweepers and their Apprentices, to the preamble of which they wish to direct the attention of the House. Whereas the mczl un istachios # 30.049 10 laws now in being, respecting masters and apprentices, do not provide sufficient regulations, so as to prevent varions complicated miseries to which boys employed in climbing and cleansing of chimnies are liable, beyond any other employment whatsoever in which boys of tender years are engaged: and whereas the misery of the said boys might be much alleviated, if some legal powers and authorities were given for the regulation of chimney-sweepers and their apprentices.' Though this Act has in some respects fulfilled the intention of the Legislature, yet your Committee have heard in evidence before them, that its principal enacting clause — namely, the regulating the age at which apprentices shall be taken-is constantly evaded; and they are decidedly of opinion, that the various and complicated · miseries to which the unfortunate children are exposed, cannot be relieved by regulations. The 28th of Geo. III. enacts, That no person shall employ any boy, in the nature of an apprentice or servant, under the age of eight years; yet your committee have been informed, that infants of the early ages of four, five, and six years, have been employed, it being the prac. tice for parents to sell their children to this trade, over-stating their age; besides, this clause is not considered by the master chimney sweepers as prohibiting their employment of their own children. Your Committee refer generally to the evidence for proofs of the cruelties that are practised, and of the ill-usage, and the peculiar hardships that are the lot of the wretched children who are employed in this trade. It is in evidence that they are stolen from their parents, and inveigled out of workhouses; that in order to conquer the natural repugnance of the infants to ascend the narrow and dangerous chimnies, to clean which their labour is required, blows are used; and pins are forced into their feet by the boy that follows them up the chimney, in order to compel them to ascend it; and that lighted straw has been applied for that purpose: that the children are subject to sores and bruises, and wounds and burns on their thighs, knees, and elbows; and that it will require many months before the extremities of the elbows and knees become sufficiently hard to resist the excoriations to which they are at first subject; and that one of the masters being asked if those ེན boys are employed in sweeping chim*nies during the soreness of those parts, he answered, It depends upon the sort of master they have got. Some are obliged to put them to work sooner than others: you must keep them a little at it even during the sores, or they will never learn their business. Your Committee are informed, that the deformity of the spine, legs, arms, &c. of these boys, proceeds generally, if not wholly, from the circumstance of their being obliged to ascend chimnies at an age when their bones are in a soft and growing state; but likewise, by their being compelled to carry bags of soot and cloths, the weight of which sometimes exceeds twenty or thirty pounds, not including the soot, the burden of which they also occasionally bear for a great length of distance and time; the knees and ancle joints become deformed, in the first instance, from the position they are obliged to put them in, in order to support themselves, not only while climbing up the chimney, but more particularly so whilst coming down, when they rest solely on the lower extremities, the arms being used for scraping and sweeping down the soot. Your Committee refer generally to the observation of every one as to the stinted growth, the deformed state of body, the look of wretchedness and disease which characterizes this unfortunate class." The honourable Committee then proceed to mention a formidable and dangerous complaint, emphatically denominated the Chimney Sweeper's Cancer, and continue their Report as follows:-"But it is not only the early and hard labour, the spare diet, wretched lodging, and harsh treatment, which is the lot of these children, bat in general they are kept almost entirely destitute of education, and moral or religious instruction; they form a sort of class by themselves, and from their work being done early in the day, they are turned into the streets to pass their time in idleness and depravity: thus they become an easy prey to those whose occupation it is to delude the ignorant and entrap the unwary: and if their constitution is strong enough to resist the diseases and deformities which are the consequences of their trade, and that they should grow so much in stature as no longer to be useful in it, they are cast upon the world without any means of obtaining a livelihood, with no habits of industry, or rather, what too frequently happens, with confirmed habits of idleness and vice." The Committee next state, that the number of masters within the Bills of Mortality is reckoned at 200, of whom but 20 are reputable tradesmen; 90 are of an inferior class; and the remaining number are persons of notoriously bad character, who, destitute of every other resource, pick up boys as they can find them, lodge them with themselves in huts, sheds, and cellars, in the outskirts of the town, occasionally wandering into the villages round. In these two classes, being in the proportion of 180 to 20, the miseries of the trade are principally to be found. It is in evidence before the Committee, that at Hadleigh, Barnet, Uxbridge, and Windsor, female children have been employed! Even among the most respectable masters it is the constant practice to borrow the younger boys from one another, for the purpose of sweeping what are called the narrow flues. The youngest and most delicate children are in the service of the worst class of masters, and are employed exclusively to clean flues, which, from their peculiar construction, cannot be swept without great personal hazard. Among other circumstances of cruelty, the Committee refer to the case of William Moles, and his wife, who were indicted in April, 1816, for the murder of John Howley or Hasely, by cruelly beating him. Neither of them could be convicted under this charge, but being tried under another, the husband was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. The facts of the case were, that this infant was forced up the chimney on the shoulder of a larger boy, and afterwards violently pulled down again by the leg and dashed against a marble hearth: his leg was thus broken, and he died a few hours after; on his body and knees were found sores arising from wounds of a much older date. The Committee then proceed to shew the possibility of applying machinery for all the purposes of climbing boys. Three fourths of the chimnies in the metropolis, they assert, may be as easily and cheaply swept by the machines already invented; and the remaining fourth may be readily altered, or, if necessary, fitter machines may be easily contrived. The Committee state upon evidence," that though there may be difficulties in cleaning a horizontal flue, from the |