fovereignty of the Ionians, till they and the whole nation fell under the Achæans'." The Ionians, fays Strabo, fpeaking of Ægialus in Achæa, who were originally of Athenian extraction, formerly poffeffed this country; and its ancient name was Ægialeia as the inhabitants were called Ægiales; but the country was afterwards denominated Ionia, as well as Attica, from Ion, fon of Xuthus: Hence it appears, that a confiderable part of Græce had this appellation: But it was even the common title of the whole country in Europe, as the Afiaticks themselves called it. Thus fchylus in his Perfians makes Atoffa call Greece the land of the Iaonians; and the Chorus in that play calls the people of Greece the Iaonians. Ariftophanes o alfo, in the mouth of a Perfian nobleman, uses this expreffion; and the Scholiaft " there tells us, that the Barbarians called all the Hellenes by the name of laonians: The foundation therefore of this title feems to have been derived from Javan, the fourth fon of Japhet, and the grandson of the Patriarch Noah, whofe pofterity after the deluge is recorded in Genefis 2 to have peopled the isles of the Gentiles. I fhall fubmit the following obfervations to the reader from an effay, intitled, An Enquiry into the origin of the Greek Language, by the late Bishop Squire 13. “We "find this very land of Græce, in the facred records, more

ΙΟ

13

7 Οἱ δὲ ἀπογόνοι τῷ Ἴωνος τὸ Ἰώνων ἔσχον κράτος, ἐς ὁ ὑπ ̓ Αχαιῶν ἐξέπεσον καὶ αὐτοὶ, καὶ ὁ δῆμος. (L. 7. c. 1. p. 522.)

8 Ταύτης δε τῆς χώρας τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν Ἴωνες ἐκράτεν, ἐξ ̓Αθηνάιων τὸ γένος ὄντες • ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν Αἰγίαλεια, καὶ ὁι ἐνοικῶνίες Αἰγιαλεῖς, ὕτερον δ ̓ ἀπ ̓ ἐκείνων Ιωνία, καθάπερ καὶ ἡ Αττική ἀπὸ Ἴωνος το Ξέθε. Cl. 8. p. 587.

9 Ἰαόνων γήν, (v. 178.) Ιαόνων λαὸς, (ν. 1030)

το Ἰαναν, (Achar. v. 104.) Τῆς Ἰάονας λέγει. (ν. 106.)

11 Οτι πάνιας τὰς Ἕλληνας Ἰάονας οἱ βάρβαροι ἐκάλεν, (on v. 1o5.)

22 C. 10. V. 5.

13 Two Effays, Cambridge, 1741. p. 144.

"than

*than once expressly termed Javan or Ionia; that is, the "country of Javan, for as the original word in the Hebrew "is wrote, according to the different infertion of the "vowels, it may be pronounced IoN or IaVaN, or IacN, or "IaNNa 13: And what still more ftrongly ftrengthens and "confirms this opinion, that the country of Javan was really "the fame with that of Græce, is, that the Syrians, Per"fians, Arabians, and the Barbarians in general never called "the Inhabitants of this land Hellens, the name they most "commonly gave themselves; but always Javans, or Ioni66 ans 14 The Greeks themselves indeed are ready enough to "tell us, that this name was of a much later date than that "I have now affigned; and that it took its original from "the brave and noble exploits of one Ion an Athenian, the "Son of Xuthus, who was three entire generations younger "than Deucalion: But this opinion feems to have no better "foundation, than meer unfupported conjecture; for what "had the Syrians, Arabs, Egyptians, and those other Na"tions, which the Greeks term barbarous, to do with the "Athenian Ion, a Man of no character with regard to them, "and scarcely known and acknowledged by his country"men" themselves? The very actions, that are faid to have "been performed by him, allowing them to be all true in

13 See Bochart. Geo. Sacra, 1. 3. c. 3.

14 Επιεικῶς δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι τὰς Ἕλληνας Ιωνας λέγεσι (Hefych. ad vocem Ιαννα) He also refers us to the Scholiaft of Aristophanes, before cited.

Is The expreffion of the Bishop is here certainly too ftrong; for we have produced the testimony of Herodotus, Euripides, Strabo, Paufanias, Vitruvius, Velleius Paterculus, and Scholiafts, who fpeak of Ion, as a man of undoubted eminence in military and political talents, and who gave his name to four tribes of Athens, led colonies, and founded cities both in Europe and Afia.

« fact,

* fact, are however far from being of that diftinguished "merit, as to deferve to have a whole people denominated "from him. Had this been the true original of the name of "the Ionians, we fhould moft undoubtedly have found it "chiefly in ufe amongst the Greeks themselves, and by them "taught and propagated to the neighbouring nations : "Whereas the direct contrary of this is evident; for it does "not appear from hiftory, as far as I am able to learn, that "the Greeks in general ever called themfelves Ionians, or "that even the Athenians, whofe country had the honour "of giving birth to this imaginary Hero, were ever so well "pleafed with this name as to endeavour to propagate it "Nay, it is certain from hiftory, that they even difliked it, "avoided to make use of it, and were unwilling to be called by it: 16 Οἱ μὲν νῦν ἄλλοι Ιωνες, και Αθηναῖοι ἔφυγον τέ νομα, ἐ βουλομένοι Ιωνες κεκλῆσθαι, as Herodotus tells us. "When therefore the learned Bochart, in his Phaleg 17 demonftrates, that the Javans or Ionians were not originally a meer party diftinction among the Greeks, affumed by accident, as it were, in later times; but that "in their first and most early ages the Inhabitants of all "the countries between Thrace and Peloponnefus inclufively

66

86

were called after this name; is not this a moft convincing argument, does it not amount even to demonftration, that "the Greek account of the original of this appellation of Ionians cannot poffibly be true? Though the Athenians and fome of their nearest neighbours might be fuppofed to "have been called after this name in memory of their countryman Ion; yet Ion; yet how does this affect, or in the leaft con

16 L. 1. c. 143.

17 L. 3. C. 3.

cern

35

cern the Thracians ", and thofe other nations who at this "time, it is more than probable, had not the least commerce

or correfpondence with them? We must therefore have "recourse to fome caufe as extenfive as the effect; that which "I have affigned feems fully to come up to the point; viz. "that the Javans and Pelafgi were in reality one and the "fame people, planting and inhabiting the fame countries at

the fame time, from their Ancestor denominated Javans, or "Ionians, and from their manner of life Pelafgi, a Wandering "People." This ingenious explication naturally folves all the difficulties in regard to this character of Ion : His Mofaick Archetype, the Afiatick Javan, was defignedly loft in oblivion by the Græcians, and particularly by the Athenians, -that their national vanity might not fuffer by this traditional badge of oriental extraction; nor clash with their favourite prejudice of confidering themfelves the Autochthones of their own country, or the native Inhabitants fprung from its very foil, and not imported from any other: In order therefore to account for the derivation of the name of Ionians, if they did not abfolutely create an imaginary character of their own, the Dramatick Ion of Euripides, yet they undoubtedly aggran dized the exploits of the Son of Creufa. By this artful invention they fecured to themfelves a double advantage, for they loft the ideal difgrace of acknowledging themfelves, as a colony planted by a foreign Founder; and yet they retained the flattering compliment of ftamping on the islands and the Afiatick Colonies the mark of political derivation from them.

-18 "Evios * Tús @gaxas, g'’Axarès, x Bowlès. (Helych. "Iwveç.)

N° LXXIV.

Verfe 1590. Δωρος. 1642. Dorus.

2

N° LXXIV. *

HERE Dorus is called the Son of Xuthus and Creufa, which is contrary to the general teftimony of History concerning him. Herodotus calls him the fon of Hellen; and Strabo defcribes him, " as the Son of Hellen, who fent him from Phthia, as well as his other younger Sons, to feek for a fettlement of their own; and he adds, that Dorus having established the colony of the Dorians about Parnaffus, left them denominated from him: And Conon, an Hiftorian, preferved in Photius 3, afferts the fame ftory: But lamblichus 4, in the life of Pythagoras, relates, that fome affirmed, σε that Dorus was the fon of Ducalion and Pyrrha, and that Hellen was his Son; but he adds, that in the facred records of the Babylonians, Hellen, fon of Jupiter, was father of Dorus, Xuthus, and Æolus: And which of these two accounts was accurate, in regard to thefe ancients, it was no eafy matter

• Ἐπὶ δὲ Δώρο το Ελληνος, (1. 1. c. 567.)

2 Τὲς δ ̓ ἄλλες ἔξω διαπέμψαι ξηθήσονίας ἵδρυσιν ἕκασον αὑτῷ, ὧν Δῶρος μὲν τὰς περὶ Παρνασὸν Δωρίεας συνωκίσας κατέλιπεν ἐπωνύμως αὑτῶ. (1. 8. p. 588.)

3 Δῶρος δ ̓ ὁ δεύτερος μοῖραν το λάς λαβὼν παρὰ τῷ παρὸς ἀποικίζεται, καὶ ὑπὸ τὸν Παρνασὸν τὸ ὄρος κλίζει πόλεις, ἐξ ξ Δωριείς. (Biblioth. p. 438. ed. Hoefch.)

4 Λέγειν δε τινὰς φησὶ Δευκαλίωνος το Προμηθέως καὶ Πύρρας της Επιμηθέως για νέσθαι Δῶρον. Εν δε τοῖς Βαβυλωνίων ἀκέειν ἱεροῖς Ἕλληνα γεγονέναι Διὸς τῷ δε Δῶρον καὶ Ξῦθεν καὶ ̓Αιόλον ὁποτέρως μὲν ἦν ἔχει περὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων, ἐκ εὐμαρὲς δέχεσθαι τ' ακριβές τοῖς νεωτέροις καταμαθεῖν· ὁμολογέμενον δὲ δι ̓ ἑκατέρας τῶν ἱςοριῶν συνάγεσθαι, τὸ πρεσβιλάτην, εἶναι των διαλέκτων τὴν Δωρίδας μετὰ δὲ ταύτην γένεσθαι τὴν ̓Αιολίδα, λαχᾶσαν ἀπὸ τὰ ̓Αιόλε τὔνομα· τριβὴν δὲ τὴν Ἰάδα γενομένην ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τῷ Ξάθε τελάρην δὲ τὴν ̓Ατθίδα, τεθειμένην ἀπὸ Κρεύσης της Ερεχθέως· κληθεῖσαν δὲ τρισὶ γενεαῖς ὕσερον τῶν πρότερον. (C. 14. p. 195. ed. Kuft.)

for