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Rattray, Surgeon and Lecturer on Botany, Glasgow, MONTHLY REGISTER. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. EUROPE. FRANCE. The Session of the Chambers was closed by royal proclamation on the 4th instant, and the following changes in the French Cabinet were next day officially announced : "Lieutenant-General Baron Damas, now Secretary of War, to be Minister for Foreign Affairs.-The Marquis Clermont Tonnerre, now Minister of the Marine, to be Minister of War.-Count Chabrot to be Minister of Marine.-The Marquis of Lauriston, now Minister of the Household, to be Grand Veneur of France.The Duke de Dondeauville, now Postmaster-General, to be Master of the King's Household. The Marquis of Lauriston to be Minister Secretary of State." From the complexion of the Cabinet, it is evident that the triumph of De Vil lele and his party is as complete as the humiliation of his rival, Chateaubriand. Essentially, the ministry is the same as it was; for although there is some changing of places, there is none of persons. We may look, therefore, for a continuance of that conciliatory policy, which it has always been understood that Villele has been desirous of pursuing. SPAIN. There has been a change of ministry at Madrid. Count Ofalia has been dismissed, and will, it is said, be soon followed by the rest of his colleagues. The cause of their disgrace seems to be a suspicion of liberalism. Count Ofalia is to be replaced by M. Zea Bermudez, minister from Spain at London. King Ferdinand is now governed by M. de Calomorde, a devotee of the apostolic junta. The Confessor Sacz has, of course, shared the fruits of the success of his party. He has been attached by the Pope as "prelate of the household" to king Ferdinand, and is soon to be made a Cardinal. Fresh arrests have taken place. At the same time, some partisans of servilism, who had been imprisoned for attacking and plundering the constitutionalists, and even of proclaiming the Infant Carlos king in place of Ferdinand, have been liberated-" in order," says the minister of the apostolic junta, "to efface all discord among his majesty's subjects." It is impossible to say whether the rumours of disturbances in Spain, which reach us through the French papers, are correct or not in the particulars, but there can be little doubt that the state of the country is such as to warrant the worst that can be said of it. A quarrel between the French and Spanish soldiers took place at Madrid on the 25th July, when thirteen or fourteen were wounded, some of them dangerously Detachments of French troops had been, it is said, sent to Oviedo on the 23d, in consequence of serious conflicts which had occurred between men of both parties, and a certain number of Constitutionalists, who were the aggressors, had made their escape into Portugal. It would certainly appear from this statement, that the banner of the constitution had been temporarily raised in that quarter, and that the movement had not been entirely put down, for otherwise the "aggressors" would not have been able to effect their escape, and to retire where they may collect greater strength, and make all the preparations necessary for their return, PORTUGAL.-Lisbon, and the country generally, continue, in appearance at least, perfectly tranquil. The Royal decree for declaring Lisbon a free port is postponed to an indefinite period. A similar reluc. tance is manifested in the convocation of the Cortes-a measure which has been described as necessary to the salvation of Portugal. It is now deferred till the latter end of the year, and the reason assigned for this postponement is, that the party of the Queen and Don Miguel is so powerful, that apprehensions were entertained lest they should be able to return a majority of members. The determination of the British cabinet on the demand made by the King of Portugal for military aid, has not yet been formed, or at least has not yet transpired. A slight shock of an earthquake was felt at Lisbon on the 19th of June, chiefly remarkable on account of the excessive heat by which it was preceded and followed. A great many persons working in the fields were mortally struck with the malignant influence of this excessive heat. Many animals shared the same fate; the leaves of the trees and other plants were completely dried up and reduced to dust. What is called in the accounts of this phenomenon a "burning wind" blew from the north east. It was so hot that the thermometer exposed to it, at midnight, stood at 91, and in the day-time at 105. The vines in elevated situations exposed to the N.E. are said to have entirely lost the abundant fruit with which they were loaded. GERMANY.-The German papers of the 18th July contain two ordinances is. sued by the Austrian Government, pro scribing certain individuals, and prohibit. ing them entering the Austrian territories. These indivduals are Lady Oxford, Mrs Hutchinson, the widow of Count Bourke, the Danish Ambassador, Lord Holland, and Lady Morgan. Lord Holland, we are told, entertains "notoriously very bad sentiments," is "an enthusiastic adhe. rent of radicalism," and even in the Eng. lish Parliament openly utters the most insolent abuse against the Allied Monarchs;" Lady Morgan, again, has expressed her free opinions in her works. Nothing can be conceived more pitiful than this policy, now resorted to by the Holy Alliance, of directing their vengeance a gainst individuals. What is it they can dread from those persons whom they have now prohibited from their territories ? Their subjects must surely be in a very bad state if they cannot bear the contact of foreigners-if the least exposure to contagion would corrupt the purity of their principles. SWEDEN.-The revenue of Sweden does not amount to more than a million and a half, but with these receipts Charles John is doing the utmost to promote internal improvements. The Canal of Gothland, now in progress in Sweden, is one of the largest works of the kind. It is about 240 miles in length, including part of two great lakes it passes through, and it extends quite across the most fertile part of the kingdom, from Gottenburg to Norkaping. The depth is ten feet. In or der to save expense, a great proportion of the work is executed by the army. In 1823 there were 2432 soldiers, and 361 labourers employed, who excavated 14,086 feet in length (nearly three miles) of the canal. It is expected that the canal will be open from sea to sea in 1828. Another canal, to connect the lake Hielmare with the Baltic, is also in an advanced state, and two others of smaller extent are forming. The Government has disbursed various other sums for improving harbours, draining marshes, planting colo nists in the forests of Dalecarlia, and it has formed three new roads across the mountains which divide Sweden from Norway. TURKEY.-The Ottoman Porte has announced, by the Reis Effendi, that it has given orders for the evacuation of Wallachia; but that it cannot consent to the evacuation of Moldavia, because this principality, being a frontier of Russia, became the refuge of the discontented who disturbed the State. The note to this effect, which was communicated to the Ministers of France, England, and Austria, has been sent by Lord Strangford to M. Nesselrode, at St. Petersburgh. Private advices state, that the Porte also requires that Russia shall evacuate the places which she holds in Asia. GREECE.-A letter has been published by Colonel Stanhope, which supplies a variety of desiderata on the affairs of Greece. Hitherto the public have had little intelligence that could be accounted authentic, while the mass of loose and conflicting rumours, supplied by the con. tinental press, made any fixed inference almost impossible. The details furnish ed by Colonel Stanhope are of a mixed character. He thinks well of the resources of the Greeks, but is far from conceiving that they are properly drawn out. The peasantry possess the best character. The inhabitants of the towns are blamed for avarice and deceit. The Captains, to whom chiefly belongs the honour of expelling the Turks, are said to have plunder for a leading object. Although the Greeks are brave and skilful seamen, their ships, as a fleet, are not considered strong enough to oppose that of Turkey. Colonel Stanhope therefore approves of their continuing to act as corsairs and priva teers. "A good naval officer, who could submit with a serene mind to all sorts of crosses," would, it it said, be very useful. But the necessity of such submission is not a promising circumstance. The troops are computed at upwards of 30,000. They are greatly improved in discipline, but are less daring than at the beginning of the contest. "The Greek soldiers," says Colonel Stanhope," are extremely hardy can make long marches, carry heavy weights on their backs, live constantly in the open air, proceed without magazines, suffer great privations, endure dirt and vermin, and still preserve their high spirits. They are swift as horses, and scarcely tangible; and if a love of liberty can ensure perseverance, almost unconquerable in their wild fortresses. Every soldier's mind is bent on success; no Greek ever admits the possibility of being again subjected to the Turks. If you talk of millions that are about to pour down into their country, still they never appear dismayed. They tell you calmly, that as more come, more will be famished, or mowed down by the Hellenists. This gallant feeling is universal. My opinion is, is that the struggle, however protracted, must succeed, and must lead to an improvement in the condition, not only of Greece, but of Asia," ASIA. EAST INDIES.-A new war has broken out in the eastern frontiers of Bengal. It appears that the King of Ava, who reigns over the extensive and populous Birman Empire, had set up some groundless pretensions to the Island of Shapuree, and had attacked some of the native tribes, who were under the protection of the British Government. As his dominions stretch along the eastern coast of Bengal, occupying, in one direction, the interval between the Chinese Empire and Bengal, on the south-west frontier of the former, and on the east and northeast of the latter, his local officers had given repeated causes of complaint to our Government, throughout the whole line of the separating frontier. To all remonstrances and expostulations the Court of Ava lent a deaf ear, even expressing its determination to proceed to hostile extremities, unless its demands were acceded to. Farther forbearance seemed to be inconsistent with our dignity and se curity; and the Governor-General has accordingly issued a declaration of war. The postscript to the Calcutta Gazette states, that a sharp action had taken place with the Birmese on the Syphat frontier, when four or five hundred of them were killed and wounded, and the remainder secured themselves by a precipitate retreat. The Bengal Government had ordered all the shipping in the river Hoogly to be taken up for the conveyance of an armament of 30,000 men, which was fitting out to be landed on the coast of Aracan. The Moria and five other ships had also been taken up at Madras for the same purpose, and every exertion was making to send off the expedition with the utmost dispatch. The Birmese are a bold and warlike people, and during the last seventy years they have been continually engaged in a course of desperate struggles, by which they have obtained a well-disciplined body of veteran soldiery. It apears that the Birmese have suc ceeded in repulsing two attempts to storm a stockade, made by Colonel Bowen. That officer was forced to retire with a loss of 150 killed and wounded, among which number are the following officers : -10th regiment, (native infantry,) Lieut. Armstrong, killed; Colonel Bowen severely wounded; Ensign Barberic, ditto, lost a leg. 23d regiment, Captain John ston, severely wounded. Some idea may be formed of the importance attached to this war, from the preparations stated to be making to pro secute it. The India Gazette, of the 11th, of March, says, that a force of not less than twenty thousand will concentrate in Cachar. The Hurkaru, of the 10th of March, mentions, that two thousand men are to be sent to Arracan, and, if we add to these the Madras contingent, consisting of five thousand, and the naval force, both of King's and Company's, now collecting, it must be owned that the dominions of his golden-footed Majesty are in no sinall danger. AFRICA. CAPE COAST.-It appears by the accounts from this settlement, that the Ashantees are following up their late victory. An engagement took place on the 21st of May, in the vicinity of Cape Coast Castle, between the forces under Major Chisholm and the Ashantees. The engagement was long and sanguinary; it lasted upwards of five hours, when the enemy retreated precipitately, after experiencing very considerable loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The retreat continued for two days, but it was ascertained that the King of the Ashantees had subsequently joined his army with considerable reinforcements, which, it was estimated, would make the whole of his force amount to 16,000 men. The Fantees, and the rest of the co-operating native powers, conducted themselves, during the battle, in a manner extremely unsatisfactory to Major Chisholm, who, consequently, was not only prevented from pursuing the enemy, but obliged to retire to his former position. It was ascertained from the prisoners, that the enemy had resolved to make an attack upon the Castle, which the presence of their king, it was supposed, would expedite. Of the regulars and militia, in this engagement, there were four killed, and seventy-five wounded: of the unorganized native force eighty-four were killed, and 603 wounded: besides this, there were eighty-eight of regulars and militia missing. Two officers were wounded-Captain William Hutchison, of the militia, dangerously, and Lieutenant King, of the royal navy, slightly. The force that is now to be depended upon to oppose the Ashantees may be estimated nearly as follows: of regulars, about 500; militia and artificers, 800; Cape Coast people, 500; Annamaboe people, 800; Accra people, 2500.Of Fantees who have remained staunch : Affoe's people, 200; Aduko's people, 400; Aumissas' people, 200; Appias' people, 1200;-the total being only 7100 men-a force by far too small to cope with the King of Ashantee in person, at the head of 16,000, or, according to other statements, 18,000 armed men. AMERICA. MEXICO. Up to the 4th of June, when the last accounts from Mexico came away, Iturbide had not reached that country, and no general movement had taken place in his favour, though individuals suspected of intriguing on his behalf continued to be arrested. It is also stated, that a strong feeling in his favour existed among the priesthood and the military, and that he was likely to find numerous adherents among both those classes, provided no suspicion existed of a secret design on his part to deliver the country over to Ferdinand.The least suspicion on that head, it is added, would infallibly prove fatal to him. The executive at Mexico issued, on the 29th of May, a proclamation, the object of which appears to be, though his name is not mentioned, to put the people on their guard against the intrigues of the partisans of the ex-Emperor, and in which some apprehension is be trayed of his ultimate success. Another proclamation declares him, and all those who may, by writings or other means, seek either to favour his return to the Mexican Republic, or to forward the views of any other foreign invader, to be traitors to the state. PERU. An account has reached this country, by way of the United States, contained in a letter from Guayaquil, dated the 27th of May, stating, that on the 6th of that month, Bolivar had attacked and utterly destroyed the Royalist army under Canterac. Intelligence from Bogota, however, of the 6th June, makes no mention of this engagement, which throws considerable suspicion on the story; as it is scarcely possible such a long period should have elapsed without an account of such a victory reaching Bogota. BUENOS AYRES.-An important document, the message of the Executive of Buenos Ayres, to the representatives of that state, has been received in this country. It gives a most favourable view of the state of agriculture, com. merce, education, &c. but we shall con. |