2 Kings xviil, 4. He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it; and he called it Nehushtan.

2 Chron. xiii, 8. And now ye think to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods.

Neh. ix, 18. Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said.

This is thy god that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations.

Ps. cvi, 19, 20. They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the golden image. Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

Ezek. viii, 7-10. And he brought me to the door of the court; and,

when I looked, behold a hole in the wall. Then said he unto me, Son of man, dig now in the wall: and, when I had digged in the wall, behold a door. And he said unto me, Go in, and behold the wicked abominations that they do here. So I went in and saw; and, behold, every form of creeping things, and abominable beasts, and all the idols of the house of Israel, pourtrayed upon the wall round

about.

Hosea viii, 5. Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off; mine anger is kindled against them; how long will it be ere they attain to innocency?

Hosea x, 5, 6. The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the

calves of Beth-aven: for the people thereof shall mourn over It, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own

counsel.

Acts vii, 41. And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced

in the works of their own hands.

Rom. 1, 21-23. Because that, when they knew God, they glorifiled him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools. And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man and to birds, and

things.

II.

SCENES AND MODES OF IDOLATROUS WORSHIP. I-GROVES AND HIGH PLACES. Deut. xvi, 21. Thou shalt not near unto the altar of the LORD plant thee a grove of any trees thy God, which thou shalt make thee.

sacrificed in high places, because 1 Kings iii, 2,3. Only the people there was no house built unto the name of the LORD, until those days. And Solomon loved the David his father: only he sacriLORD, walking in the statutes of ficed and burnt incense in high

places.

1 Kings xiv, 22, 23. And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they had committed, above all that their fathers had done. For they also built them high places, and images, and groves, on every high hill, and under every geen tree.

1 Kings xvi, 33. And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him.

2 Kings xil, 3. But the high places were not taken away: the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places.

2 Kings xiii, 6. Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained the grove also in Samaria.)

2 Kings xiv, 4. Howbeit the high places were not taken away; as yet the people did sacrifice and burnt incense on the high places.

2 Kings xv, 35. Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burnt incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate of the house of the LORD.

and burnt incense in the high 2 Kings xvi, 4. And he sacrificed places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Kings xvii, 9-11. And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree: And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger.

2 Kings xxl, 7. And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the house, of which the LORD said to David, and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of

Israel, will I put my name for ever.

And be

2 Kings xxlil, 6-8. brought out the grove from the and burnt it at the brook Kidron, salem, unto the brook Kidron, house of the LORD, without Jeru and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon houses of the sodomites, that were the graves of the children of the people. And he brake down the by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burnt incense, from Geba to Beer-sheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.

away the altars of the strange 2 Chron. xiv, 3, 5. For he took gods, and the high places, and brake down the images, and cut down the groves. Also he took away ont of all the cities of Judah the high places and the image and the kingdom was quiet before him.

2 Chron. xvii, 8. And his heart. was lifted up in the ways of the LORD: moreover, he took away the high places and groves out of Judah.

2 Chron. xix, 3. Nevertheles there are good things found in thee, in that thou hast taken away the groves out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seek God.

high places were not taken away. 2 Chron. xx, 33. Howbelt the for as yet the people had not pre of their fathers. pared their hearts unto the God

2 Chron. xxi, 11. Moreover, be made high places in the mour tains of Judah, and caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and compelled Judah thereto.

2 Chron. xxiv, 18. And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came up

Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass.

2 Chron. xxvill, 4. He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hille, and under every green tree.

Isa. xvii, 8. And he shall not

look to the altars, the work of his hands, neither shall respect that which his fingers have made, ether the groves or the images. I. xxxvi, 7. But if thou say to me, We trust in the LORD our God: it not he whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah bath taken away, and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall Forship before this altar?

Jer. xvll, 2. Whilst their children remember their altars and ther groves by the green trees pon the high hills.

Jer. xix, 5. They have built also the high places of Baal, to hare their sons with fire for Burnt-offerings unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spake it, Beither came it into my mind.

Ezek. vi, 13. Then shall ye that I am the LORD, when their slain men shall be among their idols round about their ar, upon every high hill, in all the tops of the mountains, and hier every green tree, and unevery thick oak, the place where they did offer sweet savour their idols.

Ek xvi, 23, 24. And it came So, after all thy wickedness, toe unto thee! saith the Lari Gon) That thou hast also to thee an eminent place, and bust made thee an high place

every street.

1 Chron. x, 9, 10. And when they had stripped him, they took sent into the land of the Philistines his head, and his armour, and round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon.

Isa. xxvii, 9. By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as

chalk-stones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up.

Jer. xi, 13. For according to the number of thy cities were thy gods, O Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye set up altars to that shameful thing, even altars to burn incense unto Baal.

Hosea viil, 11, 14. Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin. For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and buildeth temples; and Judah hath multiplied fenced cities: but I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the palaces thereof.

Amos iii, 13, 14. Hear ye, and testify in the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, the God of hosts, That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him, I will also visit the altars of Beth-el; and the horns of the altars shall be cut off, and fall to the ground.

DESECRATION OF GOD'S TEMPLE. 2 Kings xvi, 10-14. And king Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and saw an altar that was at Damascus: and king Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar, and the pattern of it, according to all the workmanship thereof. And Urijah the priest built an altar according to all that king Ahaz had sent from Damascus: so Urijah the priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus. And when the king was come from Damascus, the king saw the altar: and the king approached to the altar, and offered thereon. And he burnt his burnt-offering and his meatoffering, and poured his drinkoffering, and sprinkled the blood

2 Kings xxi, 4. And he built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD said, in Jerusa lem will I put my name.

that were on the top of the upper 2 Kings xxiii, 12. And the altars chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made, in the

two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.

2 Chron. Xxx, 14. And they arose, and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altars for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron.

2 Chron. xxxiil, 4. 7. Also he built altars in the house of the LORD, whereof the LORD had said, In Jerusalem shall my name be for ever. And he set a carved image (the idol which he had made) in the house of God, of which God had said to David, and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen before all the tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever.

Jer. vii, 30. For the children of

Judah have done evil in my sight, abominations in the house which is called by my name, to pollute

saith the LORD: they have set their

it.

Jer. xxxii, 34. But they set their abominations in the house which is called by my name, to defile it.

Ezek. v, 11. Wherefore, as I live, saith the Lord GoD, Surely. because thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things, and with all thine abomin ations, therefore will I also diminish thee; neither shall mine eye spare, neither will I have any pity.

Ezek. vill, 5, 6. Then said he unto me, Son of man, lift up thine eyes now the way toward the north. So I lifted up mine eyes the way toward the north, and behold northward at the gate of the altar this image of jealousy in the entry. He said furthermore unto me, Son of man, seest thou what they do? even the great abominations that the house of Israel committeth here, that I should go far off from my sanctuary? But turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations.

Judges xvii, 5. And the man Micah had an house of gods, and made an ephod, and teraphim, and consecrated one of his sons, who became his priest.

Judges xviii, 18-21. And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye? And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a

Ahaz commanded Urijah the priest, saying, Upon the great altar burn the morning burntoffering, and the evening meatoffering, and the king's burntsacrifice, and his meat-offering, with the burnt-offering of all the people of the land, and their meat offering, and their drink-offerings; and sprinkle upon it all the blood of the burnt-offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice: and the brasen altar shall be for me to enquire by. Thus did Urijah the priest, according to all that king Ahaz commanded.

2 Kings xvii, 32. So they feared the LORD, and made unto themselves of the lowest of them priests of the high places, which sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places.

cast out the priests of the LORD, 2 Chron. xiii, 9. Have ye not the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other

lands? so that whosoever cometh

god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand. And when the people saw him, they praised their god; for they said, Our ged hath delivered into our hands our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us.

1 Kings xi, 33. Because that they have forsaken me, and have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom. the god of the children of Ammon, and have not walked in my ways. to do that which is right in mine eyes, and to keep my statutes and my judgments, as did David his father.

1 Kings xviii, 25, 26. And Elijah said unto the prophets of Basl, Choose you one bullock for your selves, and dress it first; for ye of your gods, but put no fire are many; and call on the name which was given them, and they under. And they took the bullock dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us

ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people. So they turned and departed, and put the little ones, and the cattle, and the carriage before them.

1 Kings xii, 31. And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

1 Kings xill, 33, 34. After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places. And this thing became sin unto the house of Jeroboam, even to cut it off, and to destroy it from off the face of the earth.

1 Kings xviii, 20, 22. So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel. Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men.

bullock and seven rams, the may be a priest of them that are no gods.

Ezek. xvi, 18. And tookest thy broidered garments, and coveredst them: and thou hast set mine oil and mine incense before them.

4.-EELIGIOUS WORSHIP

PAID TO IDOLS.

Exod. xxxil, 7, 8. And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves: They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt.

Num. xxv, 2, 3. And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. And Israel joined himself unto Baal-peor: and the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel.

2 Kings x, 22. And he said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal, And he brought them forth vestments.

2 Kings xvi, 15, 16. And king

tines, and forsook the LORD, and served not him.

Judges xvi, 23, 24. Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our

upon the altar which was made.

1 Kings xx, 10. And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and mort also, if the dust of Samaria shal suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.

2 Kings xvil, 12. For they serv ed idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not de this thing,

Isa. 11, 8. Their land also is full

of idols; they worship the work of own fingers have made. their own hands, that which their

Jer. v, 7. How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, they then conmitted adultery, and assembled themselves by troops in the har

lots' houses.

Daniel ill, 2-7, 13-15. Thes Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gather together the princes, the governors, and the captains, th judges, the treasurers, the COLD rulers of the provinces, to com sellors, the sheriffs, and all the to the dedication of the Imag which Nebuchadnezzar the kine had set up. the governors, and captains, the Then the princes, judges, the treasurers, the coun sellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the det cation of the image that Nebuchs 1nezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the image th Nebuchadnezzar had set up. The an herald cried aloud, To you li is commanded, O people, nations.

him not; Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit whoredom with Molech, from among their people.

2 Kings iii, 26. And when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too sore for him, he took with him seven hundred men

that drew swords, to break through even unto the king of Edom: but they could not.

2 Kings ill, 27. Then he took his eldest son, that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a burnt-offering upon the wall. And there was great indignation against Israel: and they departed from him, and returned to their own land.

2 Kings xvi, 3. But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel.

2 Kings xvii, 17, 18. And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in

children, and delivered them to cause them to pass through the fire for them.

Ezek. xx, 81. For when ye offer your gifts, when ye make your sons to pass through the fire, ye pollute yourselves with all your idols, even unto this day: and shall I be enquired of by you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord GoD, I will not be enquired of by

you.

had slain their children to their Ezek. xxiii, 39. For when they idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of mine house.

Micah vi, 7. Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my first-born for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul.

8.-CONSULTATION OF IDOLS. 2 Kings i, 2-6, 16, 17. And Ahazlah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in

FORMS.

WITCHCRAFT.

Exod. xxii, 18. Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.

Lev. xix, 26, 31. Ye shall not eat any thing with the blood; neither shall ye use enchantment, nor ob serve times. Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God

Lev. xx, 27. A man also, o woman, that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard, shall surely by put to death: they shall ston them with stones; their bloo shall be upon them.

Deut. xviii, 10-12. There shal not be found among you any on that maketh his son or his dangt ter to pass through the fire, that useth divination, or an ol server of times, or an enchante or a witch, Or a charmer, or consulter with familiar spirits, a wizard, or a necromancer. Et all that do these things are a abomination unto the LORD: S

and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

2 Kings xxi, 6. And he [Manas seh] made his son to pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.

2 Chron. xxviii, 3. Moreover he [Ahaz] burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinuom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.

Ps. cvi, 37, 38. Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils, And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted

with blood.

sent messengers, and said unto them, Go, enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron whether I shall recover of this disease. But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron? Now therefore thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And Elijah departed. And when the messengers turned back unto him, he said unto them, Why are ye now turned back? And they said unto him, There came a man up to meet us, and said unto us, Go, turn again unto the king that sent you, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that thou sendest to enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron? therefore thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD,

Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron, is it not because there is no God in Israel to enquire of his word? therefore thou shalt not come down off that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. So he died, according to the word of the LORD which

LORD thy God doth drive the

out from before thee.

2 Kings ix, 22. And it came i pass, when Joram saw Jehu, thi he said, Is it peace, Jehu? At he answered, What peace, so lu as the whoredoms of thy moth Jezebel and her witchcrafts a so many?

2 Chron. xxxiii, 6. He [Manasse observed times, and used enchas ments, and used witchcraft, an dealt with a familiar spirit, all with wizards...

....

Isa. vili, 19. And when the shall say unto you, Seek und them that have familiar spirt and unto wizards that peep s that mutter; should not a pe seek unto their God? for the livia to the dead?

Isa. xxix, 4. And thou shall b brought down, and shalt spes out of the ground, and thy spee shall be low out of the dust a thy voice shall be, as of one the hath a familiar spirit, out of ground, and thy speech ska whisper out of the dust.

wh

Jer. xxvli, 9, 10. There hearken not ye to your proj nor to your diviners, nor to 1 dreamers, nor to your enchan nor to your sorcerers, speak unto you, saying, Ye not serve the king of Baby! For they prophesy a lie you, to remove you far from yo