Emperor sent three of the principal nobility of his court as hostages. Bonaparte received them with every mark of distinction; invited them to dine with him, and at the desert said to them, "Gentlemen, you are free; tell your master, that if his imperial word require a pledge, you cannot serve as such; and if it require none, that you ought not." P. 90. After signing the treaty abovementioned, he meditated the conquest of Egypt, and took the command of the army to effect the enterprize. Eleven chapters are employed in narrating the different engagements in that country, which Bonaparte suddenly leaves to return to Paris, where he effects a revolution, from the account of which the following is selected. Having dissolved the meeting of the Council of Five Hundred, by his soldiers; his arrival was announced to the Council of Ancients, who were assembled at St. Cloud: and he begged leave to make some important communications. A complete silence ensued, when he addressed them in the following extempore discourse: "Representatives of the people, you are not under common circumstances; you are placed on a volcano: permit me to speak to you with the candour of a soldier, with the frankness of a citizen, zealous for the welfare of his country; and suspend, I beseech you, your judgment till I have finished what I have to say. "I was living peaceably at Paris when I received the decree of the Council of Ancients, which informed me of their dangers, and of those of the republic. Ihastened to assemble my brother soldiers, and we came to give you our assistance. Our intentions were pure and disinterested; as a reward for our services yesterday they loaded us with calumnies, and talked of a modern Cæsar, a second Cromwell; they reported that I intend ed to establish a military government. "If I had wished to crush the liberty of my country, if I had wished to usurp the supreme authority, I should not have obeyed the orders you gave me; I should have had no. occasion for the mandate of the senate. More than once, in extremely favourable circumstances, have I been called to take the reins of government. After our triumphs in Italy, I was invited to it by the desire of the nation, by the request of my comrades, and by that of the soldiers who have been oppressed in my absence; of the soldiers who are still obliged to carry on a most horrible war in the departments, which wisdom and order had calmed, and which folly and treason have again lighted up. "The country has not a more zealous defender than myself; I am entirely devoted to the execution of your orders; but it is on you alone that its safety depends, for the Directory is no more; four of the magistrates who composed it have given in their resignations: dangers press hard; the evil augments; the minister of police has just informed me that, in La Vendée, several places are already fallen into the hands of the Chouans. The Council of Ancients is invested with great power; but it is also animated by still greater wisdom: consult that alone, and the near approach of danger; prevent disturbances; let us endeavour to preserve the two things for which we have made so many sacrifices,-liberty and equality." "And what is to become of the constitution of the third year" cried a deputy, suddenly interrupting the orator. "The constitution!" replied Bonaparte. "Does it become you to naine it? Is it at present any thing more than a ruin? Has it not been successively the sport of every party? Have you not trampled on it on the 18th Fructidor, 28th Floreal, and 28th Prairial?-The constitution! has not every species of tyranny beeh exercised in its name from the day of its establishment? Who can in future be guaranteed by it? Is not its insufficiency attested by the numerous outrages committed under its sanction, by the very people who are swearing to it a derisory fidelity? All the rights of the people have been indignantly violated; and it is to establish them on a firm foundation that we must labour to consolidate the liberty and republic of France," &c. P. 277-280. In a former address to the ancients, Bonaparte used these words, We will save the republic and liberty, when he was interrupted by a voice, exclaiming, Who will answer for it? - Grenadirs! cried the general, turning to wards his fellow-soldiers, say if ever I deceived you when I promised you vic tury? P. 285. In the 26th chapter we find Bonaparte, nominated First Consul, and his first public step relating to exterior affairs, was writing to the King of England. We shall here transcribe his letter. "Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic, to his Majesty the King of Great Britain. "Paris, 5th Nivose, 8th year of the Republic. "Promoted, by the desire of the French nation, to the office of first magistrate of the republic, I conceive it not improper to make this communication in a direct manner to your majesty. Must the war, which for four years past has ravaged every part of the world, be continued for ever? Are there no means to bring it to an is sue? "How is it possible for the two most enlightened nations of Europe, whose power and resources are greater than their safety and independence require, to sacrifice the benefits of commerce, interior prosperity, and individual happiness, to ideas of vain greatness? Can they not feel that peace is as glorious as it is necessary? "These sentiments cannot be strange to your majesty's heart, reigning over a free people, with no other view than to secure their happiness. "Your majesty will be convinced that I am prompted to this overture by a sincere desire of contributing to a general pacification by some speedy remedy, unembarrassed by forms, which perhaps may be necessary to disguise the real situation of weak states, but which, between powerful nations, only prove their mutual intention to deceive. "France and England, unfortunately for all countries, by abusing their resources, may still procrastinate for a long time the moment of absolute inability to proceed further; but I can venture to assert, that the fate of every civilized nation is dependant on the termination of a war, which involves the whole world in its destructive vortex. (Signed) "BONAPARTE." P. 294, 295, 296. Not succeeding in this attempt, his biographer narrates the success of the army under his command in VOL. 1. Italy; informing his readers of the familiar methods he employed to ex cite the courage, and secure the affections of his soldiers.-We select a few instances. "He advanced towards the twelfth regiment of chasseurs, and ordered the chief of brigade to say to the re giment, That he was very much satisfied with their behaviour; that it was owing to the impetuosity of their charge at Chatillon that the battle was won; that the cavalry were going to be united; and that at the next battle he wished them to charge the enemy's cavalry, to cure them of their pride and vain boasts of being superior to us in manœuvres and bravery. He said to the twenty-eighth of the line, That, as a proof their good conduct was highly pleasing to him, he would march at the head of the van-guard in the next encounter. For two years past, said he, you have been passing and re-passing these mountains, and you are stedfast in your duty without murmuring; this is the first quality of a good soldier. I know that eight months pay was due to you a week ago, and nevertheless you have not made the least complaint." P. 310, 311. "The French army was falling in. to disorder, and began to sound à retreat, when the presence of the First Consul reanimated their courage: My lads, said he, recollect that my cus tom is to sleep on the field of battle." P. 365. The 34th chapter brings Bonaparte from the campaign in Italy to Paris, describes his reception, and closes with an account of the second attempt upon his life. When the minister of police discovered the first design, he went to receive the First Consul's orders upon the subject.-These are not my affairs, replied he, they are yours.Will you go to the Opera ?— Undoubtedly." P.401. "After the armistice concluded with the Emperor, General Moreau arrived at Paris, on the 26th Vendemiaire, at ten o'clock in the morning. He went immediately to visit the First Consul, whe was then at the coun cil of State. He had not left the saloon when the minister of the inte rior brought in a superb brace of pis tols, of exquisite workmanship, and enriched with diamonds. The direc tory had ordered them to be made for a present to some foreign prince, and D they had since remained at the house of the minister of the interior. These pistols were thought very beautiful. They come very a-propos, said the First Consul, presenting them to General Moreau; then turning towards the minister of the interior-Citizen Minister, said he, let some of the battles which General Moreau has gained be engraved on them;--but not all; they would occasion too many diamonds to be taken away; the General indeed attaches no great value to these, but the design of the artist must not be wholly deranged." P. 407, 408. The contents of the plates are :— 1. Teraphim, Lares.-2. Sea-monsters, Tannim, dragons (which are figures of seals and the manati).—3. Coney, Shaphan, mouse.-4. Napthali, Genesis xlix. 21.-5. Slaves in the East.-6. Eastern attitudes of worship.-7. Solar system. Articles with descriptive head pieces:-Camels furniture, to illustrate Genesis xxxi. 34.-Cruse of water, 1 Sam. xxvi. 11.-Lots, Prov. xvi. 33.—Beelzebub, 2 Kings i. 2.— Inkhorn, Ezek. ix. 2.- Locks of doors, Cant. v. 4. Articles illustrated by the plates:Attitudes of devotion in the East, p. 6.--Teraphin, Lares, Genesis, xxxi. 30. p. 1-Napthali, Genesis xlix. 21. p. 4.-Lam. iv. 3. p. 2.-Of the shaphan or coney, and the mouse, Prov. xxx. 26. p. 3.-Employments of slaves in the East, Exod. v. p. 5.The latter part of this publication is an expository index on the three first chapters of Genesis, which is to be continued. examination of its grammar, or enquiry into its meaning. Napthali is a hind; a hind is a female deer: HE, the sign of the masculine gender, giveth goodly words. Napthali is here both masculine and feminine; but in what sense, and to what purport, is it said of a deer, whether male or female, he giveth words? and how are these words goodly? When did a deer speak and speak, too, with propriety and elocution? What idea has the reader annexed to this passage? Where is the unity of the whole, or the propriety of the parts? How does this allusion correspond with nature, or with the subsequent situation or history of this tribe? "We receive but little assistance if we turn to the versions, ancient or modern. The Vulgate, one of the Greek versions, the Persian, the Arabic, concur in this rendering. The LXX. Bochart, Houbigant, Durell, Dathe, Michaëlis, render Napthali is a spreading (terebinthine) tree, 'giving beautiful branches.' This renders the simile uniform; but the allusion of a tree seems to be purposely reserved by the venerable patriarch for his son Joseph, who is compared to the boughs of a tree. Now Joseph would be assimilated to an inferior object, if Napthali had been compared to a parent-tree before him; which repetition of idea is every way unlikely. "Having seen but slightly the em barrassment of interpreters, let us try what assistance we may derive from natural history, toward explaining this passage. "I conceive the word aileh may be like our word deer, i. e. applicable to either sex, though custom may usually have appropriated it to one sex as we do not always correctly, in common speech, distinguish the sexes of domestic animals, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, &c. or of wild animals, rats, wolves, bears, &c. so our word deer does not denote the species, as we have several kinds of deer, nor the sex, &c. so the elaphos denotes a deer, i. e. either a stag or hind. The Latin also look the same way; dama, a deer, a fallow-deer, whether buck or doe and Dr. Shaw, Travels, 414. 4to. understands the whole genus of deer as included in the word ail, though this genus comprizes many species. Our own professed naturalists accommodate themselves in their writings to this manner of expression. 2. The word rendered let loose (bw) imports an active motion, not like that of the branches of a tree, which, however freely they wave, are yet attached to the parent, but an emission, a dismission, a sending forth to a distance; in the present case a reaming-roaming at liberty. N. B. This word, as it does not agree with the actions of a tree, or of its parts, militates against the rendering proposed by Bochart, &c. "3. He giveth. This word may denote shooting forth; it is used of production, as of the earth, which shoots forth, yields-her increase, Lev xxiv. 4. So trees shoot forth branches, Psalm viii. 7. Prov. xii. 12. and so to place, set, or appoint. 4. Goodly words. We have seen that other versions render beautiful ⚫ branches,' and we shall acquiesce in their idea. The word rendered goodly signifies majestic, noble, grand, magnificent; and the word rendered branches radically signifies to diverge, to spread forth. The whole passage, translated on these principles, will read thus Napthali is a deer roaming at li"berty, "He shooteth forth noble branches "(majestic antlers). To justify this version, it is observed, that the horns of a stag are annually shed, and annually reproduced; they are ample, according to the plenty and the nutritious quality of his pasturage, or are stinted in their growth, if his food has been sparing, or deficient in nourishment. Buffor reasons at length, and remarks," that it is always easy to determine by examining the head of a stag, whether he inhabits a plentiful and quiet country, and whether he has been well or ill fed." The situation allotted to the tribe of Napthali is described as a country rich and fertile, and the patriarch is supposed to denote the happy lot of Napthali in this respect; it is also added, that in the allegory, the branching horns of this deer may denote fertility in children; and it is remarked, that though only four sons are reckoned to Napthali, when he went down to Egypt, Gen. xlvi. 24. yet this tribe at the Exodus numbered above 50,000 men." V. PUBLIC CHARACTERS of 18011802. 8vo. Boards, 10s. 6d. Phillips. HIS volume contains the followT ing characters: Right Hon. Henry Addington, Sir Rich. Hughes, Lord Spencer, Lord Alvanley, Mr. John Horne Tooke, General Bowles, Marquis Townshend, Gov. Franklin, Earl of Fife, Dr. John Moore, Colonel Despard, Lord Sheffield, Mr. Wyndham, Count Rumford, Rev. Thomas Maurice, Gen. Strutt, Mr. Dawson of Sedberg, Dr.Rennel, Caleb Whitefoord, Dr. Mitchill, Col. Tatham, Bishop of Lincoln, Mrs. Cowley, Dr. Beattie, Gen. Hutchinson, James Martin, Esq. M. P. Dr. Abraham Rees, and Mr. Arthur Young. 66 THE RIGHT HON. HENRY ADDINGTON, CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER, &C. "Mr. Addington is the son of a physician of some eminence, who died about eleven years since, after having practised with equal celebrity and success. That gentleman, during the whole of his life, appears to have been a great politician, and to have studied with equal attention the constitution of a patient, and the constitution of the state." P. 1, 2. "During the latter part of Lord Chatham's life, the Doctor lived in great intimacy with that nobleman; and such was the confidence subsisting between them, that when a negotiation was opened with the late Earl of Bute, respecting his return to power, he acted as the plenipotentiary of the ex-minister. "It may be naturally supposed that this of course led to an intimacy between their families, and we accordingly find that the young Pitts and the young Addingtons, early in life, cultivated a friendship with each other, which received a fresh increase when Mr. William Pitt became a member of the society of Lincoln's Inn, and Mr. Henry Addington entered his name as a student, and eat commons at the same hall." P. 3,-5. After noticing Mr. Addington's introduction to parlament, his election to be Speaker of the House of Com-' mons, and his appointment to be Chancellor of the Exchequer, with extracts from some of his speeches on popular and important subjects, the account closes as follows: "The present premier possesses great influence, in consequence of the excellence of his character, and the high respect he had acquired during the time he acted as speaker. His Majesty may be said to evince a personal attachment to him, and, if report be true, he has presented him with, and furnished for him, a house in Richmond Park, in order to be near him at all times. "In private life Mr. A, is particularly amiable. He is a sincere friend, an affectionate brother, a kind father, and a tender husband. Possessing an ample income, and being but little devoted to expence, he cannot be supposed to be instigated by the sordid wish of creating a fortune for himself; and, as his connections are all in affluent circumstances, he has no poor relations to provide for out of the public purse. On the other hand, it remains to be proved, whether his abilities entitle him to rank as a first rate statesman; and a few years perhaps a few months-will determine, whether the new minister be destined to confer glory or disgrace on the empire; to subvert or to restore the liberties of his country!" P. 22. GENERAL BOWLES. "William Augustus Bowles was born in Frederic County, in Maryland, about the year 1764. Fascinated from his cradle, with the idea of a military life, when but thirteen years of age he fled from under the paternal roof, and determined to gratify his romantic wishes; and after surinounting a variety of difficulties, and undergoing the almost incredible fatigues of a long march through the woods, he arrived safe in the British camp at Philadelphia; here he was received as a volunteer into an old regiment of foot, and soon after obtained a commission in a corps* commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Chalmers. "Towards the autumn of 1778, he embarked for Jamaica, and afterwards proceeded to Pensacola, in West Florida. At the latter place he was deprived of his commission, and dismissed from the British army. "Bowles submitted to his fate, not merely with a manly fortitude, but even with the appearance of joy; instead of attempting to deprecate the melancholy lot which seemed to await him, he appeared gay, unconcerned, and happy at having regained * The Maryland Loyalists, his liberty. It is thus he is described at this period by a brother officer, who has drawn up a memoir relative to the early part of his life. "Bebold then this disbanded young soldier-his last shilling gone-too proud to beg, and too independent to stoop to menial offices-an uncultivated and savage country around him-no guide but chance, and no resource but his own fortitude-behold him on the brink of apparently inevitable ruin! "But Fortune, whose peculiar care he seems to have been, stepped in to save him. A party of the Creek nation were on their return home from Pensacola, whither they had come to receive their annual presents; and young Bowles, delighted with the novelty of situation now opened to him, joined the party, having thrown his regimental coat, in contempt of his oppressors, into the sea. "A situation so flattering to the independence natural to the heart of man had doubtless many attractions; but whether through the sameness of the scene, or a restlessness of disposition constitutional in him, or actuated through pride to shew himself once more among those who had redu ed him to the appearance of a savage, he left his protectors, after having resided with them a few months, (probably with an intention to return) and came unattended to Pensacola. When he arrived on the opposite shore of the bay, he found a hogshead, which some British ship had left behind them; and Bowles, impatient of delay, without waiting for any other conveyance, like an Esquimaux, with the difference of a hogshead for a boat, the branch of a tree his mast, a blanket his sail, and a few stones his ballast, navigated the extensive shores of the harbour, in the day procuring the food of life, and beguiling the tediousness of time by fowling and fishing, and at night regaling on his prey; the sky his canopy, and the earth his bed. "In this very hogshead, perhaps, his bosom first throbbed with the desire of nautical knowledge; and here also he first had occasion to seek for resources in himself alone; resources which, at some future day, were to shield him in the hour of danger, and which alone could complete him for the leader of a brave and gallant nation. But this precarious and has |