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come the sources of crimeand that his knowledge be combined in the form of frequent lists or reports from the superintendents to the mayor. Must it not follow from such an arrangement punctually carried into effec,that the head of police will at all times have before him an accurate map of that territory of crime and vice which the law has placed under his jurisdiction?

Again it may be remarked that as each superintendent and inspector will have his distinct sphere of duty, with sufficient force at his disposal to maintain the peace and cause the laws to be respected-the prevalence or continued existence of any evil or disorder after it has once been noticed, will be conclusive evidence of his neglect of duty, unless he can assign some extraordinary reason for his failure, and demonstrate that his best efforts have proved unavailing. A sense of this distinct responsibility will go far to ensure a high degree of vigilance and activity on the part of each officer.

In further illustration of the modus operandi of the proposed system, the commissioners will state one or two familiar examples—

Suppose there should be reason to expect a serious riot in a particular part of the city, at a certain time of the night. The mayor being informed of this, has only to communicate it to one or more of the superintendents, designating the number of men required, and the hour and place where their services will be necessary. This force, amounting if necessary to half the police of the city, would at once be detached from the reliefs of the respective sections, without in the slightest degree in terfering with the regular guarding of each separate districts.

Or suppose the case, which is unfortunately too familiar in many parts of our city, that assemblages of disorderly persons habitually take place in a particular street to the great annoyance and danger of peaceable passengers. If the presence and proper exertions of the Policeman of the beat throughout the evening, fail to suppress the nuisance, the duty will devolve upon the Inspector, and he will be required to apply his whole disposable force (amounting probably to seven or eight in number) hour after hour, and night after night, until the remedy proves effectual.

Again--Disorders analogous to those referred to have prevailed to a great extent in certain parts of the city, on the Sabbath day, and have been the subject of loud complaint from well disposed citizens. A very simple arrangement of the Police with reference to this matter, will enable each Superintendent to maintain thepeace of his division, and to concentrate an irresistible force at every point where disorder occurs or is threatened.

The commissioners deem it unnecessary at this time to occupy the attention of Councils with further details. They proceed therefore to remark, that in the soundness of the principles which they have endeavored to explain, and in the practical capacity of the system proposed under proper management, to carry those principles into complete operation, they feel a high degree of confidence.'

Neither the principles nor the practice referred to, have any claim to novelty or originality. They have been tried elsewhere under difficulties far greater than should be anticipated here, and with the most signal

success.

In reference to the Police experience of London and its importance as an example to the large and growing cities of the American continent, one of the Commissioners took a suitable public occasion about three years ago to make the following remarks:

"The fundamental principles of our present police were borrowed, together with other municipal regulations, from those of England, which having their origin in a rude state of society, and intended to operate upon a scattered population, were not adapted to the circumstances of a crowded metropolis, and have not kept pace with the progress of criminal art or general refinement. It was the policy of the English Government

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to consider even abuses as sanctified by time, and to resist all reform as a hazardous and almost sacrilegious experiment. Hence, from the time of the Stuarts to the present generation, notwithstanding the increase of population, and the revolutions wrought in the habits, manners, and business of men, the London police in its essential features remained the same, and was only altered by a constant increase in the numbers of those connected with its operations. Nothing like recurrence to original principles—nothing like adaptation to a new state of society-nothing like the introduction of order and system, so as to give to a limited force the utmost possible efficiency, was ever listened to. The constituted authorities went on to accumulate error upon error, absurdity upon absurdity, expense upon expenseblindly multiplying the mere number of agents, and rendering those agents useless and unmanageable in proportion to their number. As a natural consequence, the present ministry, when they came into power, found a state of things deeply embarrassing and seriously alarming; the wretched and loathsome consequences of centuries of mismanagement accumulated upon their hands-vice increasing, crime emboldened by prescriptive impunity, and an instant necessity for a complete and radical reformation."

"To their immortal honor be it spoken, they ventured to institute a thorough reform, to level this Gothic fabric, remove this worthless lumber, and substitute a system of operations adapted to use and proportioned to each other, founded in common sense, and guided by practical experience; a system corresponding in princi ple with that which we have endeavored to explain, and thus far eminently successful. It was no common task, it involved difficulties of no ordinary character, and called for a rare mixture of judgment and energy. Perhaps the illustrious individual at the head of the administration was never engaged in a more embarrassing campaign, than that which he undertook against rooted prejudices and venerable absurdity-Perhaps he never grappled with an enemy more formidable for number or discipline than the criminals of London-and certainly he raised in the field of Waterloo no nobler or more enduring monument of his fame, than is implied in the success of these new regulations."

"The simple question then arises for this community to answer-Will they adhere to a system obviously defective, which the very country of its origin hs been compelled to abandon after a long and disastrous experiment? Must they pass through the same painful process to arrive at conviction-and will they wait until an instant and stern necessity becomes the advocate of reform? Or, obeying the dictates of common prudence, will they think, and reason, and act upon the subject, while to do so is comparatively easy, before the evil has reached its crisis, or gained the force of inveterate habit? Is it not true that strong checks are necessary to preserve the order of a crowded metropolis; that by a spe cies of moral fermentation, passion is unnaturally excit ed, and the growth of crime stimulated and quickened; and that while population creeps onward with an arith metical progress, wickedness and vice start into existence in a geometrical ratio. If so, there must be a point at which the latter will defy all moral or legal restraint, when reformation will come too late, and the community must be abandoned as a prey to passion and dishonesty.

"These are questions which the public are called upon to consider by the strongest motives of self preservation, and which upon their responsibility to posterity they must decide."

Since those remarks were made, experience, observation and intelligence from abroad, have all tended to confirm their truth, and to establish beyond a question, the practical value and efficiency of the new police of London, whose organization resembles that now recommended by the Commissioners.

We have it on the authority of intelligent and dis

tinguished Americans, who have seen for themselves, curity of the persons and property of the inhabitants, that throughout all the districts of the English Metropo- by a competent police, including a sufficient number of lis in which the new system has been tried, there pre-watchmen really suitable to the purpose. It follows vails an admirable degree of order, regularity and de- then that an increase in the number, and an improvecency, and that the most perfect security is afforded to ment in the quality of those employed in the police, every person during all hours of the day and night. In were in contemplation of the testator, and that to this these districts are included many streets which former- increase and improvement (for both of which the comly were abandoned almost exclusively to the occupancy missioners have endeavoured to provide) he meant to of thieves and felons, and through which, no respecta devote a large portion of his property. If we go furble individual could pass without the most imminent ther and enquire to what extent he designed this indanger of personal injury, robbery and murder. crease should go, we arrive at the conclusion that he To this testimony from abroad, may be added what expected the watch to be doubled at least, because he the observation of the whole American police must con- has recommended that on each beat or round at least firm, that within the last five years, a large proportion two watchmen should go together. The spirit of this of the most daring and ingenious crimes detected in this recommendation has been followed, by assigning two country, have been traced to experienced London cul- watchmen to each round, one of whom should be conprits recently arrived, who have probably been forced stantly on duty, and by providing the means of reinforc by the operations of the new police, from those dark ing him at a short notice, on all occasions where greater recesses of a crowded city, which once afforded them force may be necessary. The other recommendation shelter and security. This continued emigration of the of the testator, that the city be divided into four disrefuse of the English population, has grown into a se-tricts, has been incorporated in the plan proposed. rious evil, and furnishes an additional argument for the establishment of a more energetic preventive system in our own country.

In connection with such evidence in favor of the new police system of Londom, it is gratifying to remark, that its effects have not arisen from any additional or arbitrary powers conferred upon the officers, but are entirely referable to its regular, organized and systematic operation. It is a fact, worthy of all observation, that the existing regulations of London, confer less power upon the individual police man, leave less to his discretion, and afford him less opportunity to oppress the citizen than those which have always prevailed in Philadelphia, in reference to the nighly watch.

Having thus, as briefly and distinctly as the extent and
complicated nature of the subject would admit,explain-
ed their views, the Commissioners respectfully submit
them to the consideration of the Councils. They regret
that one gentleman named in the resolution (Mr. Rich-
ards) has been prevented, by severe and protracted
sickness, from joining in their deliberations, or par-
ticipating in this report.
From his knowledge, talents
and experience, they had reason to expect the most
important aid.
JOHN SWIFг, Mayor.

JOSEPH M'ILVAINE, Recorder.
JOSEPH WATSON.

From the Bucks County Intelligencer,

To the arrangements which the commissioners have thus ventured to recommend,an objection may easily be raised Mr. Editor:-A desire to promote harmony and friendon the score of expense. That an increased expenditure ly feelings between the Agents of the Commonwealth, will be necessary, they have no desire to conceal; on and the people residing in the vicinity of our public the contrary, they are prepared to indicate its probable improvements, has induced me to request a publication extent. A number of private police men will be requir of the following correspondence. It grew out of a ed, at least double the present city watch-and some addition to the rate of wages will be necessary-two some of our Justices of the Peace, to adopt a course disposition which has been manifested on the part of additional lieutenants and one clerk will be created, and of extrajudicial proceedings, in matters connected with sixteen inspectors substituted for the twelve city police our public works. If the opinion of the Attorney Ge officers now in authority. To these sources of expense must be added the rent of two additional watch houses neral, therein set forth, shall tend to shield the Agents of the Commonwealth from illegal and vexatious prose*and 12 rooms or stations for inspectors, it being contem-cutions, or prevent useless litigation, it will be a source plated that each watch house will also be an inspector's of much pleasure and gratification.

station.

That

An answer to such objections is easily furnished. The city heretofore has been watched during half of every hour, between 10 and 11 at night and daybreak. It is now proposed to guard it during every moment of the night, and so much during the day, as may be necessary for the perfect maintenance of peace and order. the expense should be doubled or more than doubled at such a change is not therefore to be wondered at, and the only question is whether the change proposed be necessary and desirable. The Commissioners believe that the highest and best interests of society, the comfort of the present generation and the hopes of prosperity imperiously require it. They believe moreover, that no establishment less numerous or expensive can reach the great objects in view. It would be easy to devise a cheaper system, professing the same objects, but which must certainly fail in the performance of its functions. Would such a system be recommended by just views of economy? And would not the argument for an imperfect police on the score of its economy be stronger still for abolishing it altogether.

But the will of the venerated Girard, in that clause to which the commissioners, by the terms of their appointment, are specially referred, presents a conclusive answer to such objections. That clause expressly devotes ctain portions of his estate "to enable Councils to pro le more effectually than they now do, for the se

Respectfully yours,

Pennsylvania Canal Office,
Del. Div. 17th Oct. 1633. Š

SIMPSON TORBERT.

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Pennsylvania Canal Office, Del. Div. 22d Sept. 1833. Dear Sir:-Has a Justice of the Peace a right to institute an action against an agent of the State for the recovery of wages due to persons for labour done on the Canal, or have they any authority to bring suits against the public agents or labourers, for taking earth, gravel, &c. off private property, for the purpose of making repairs on the canal and if such actions should be brought, what would be the proper course for the agents of the Commonwealth to adopt.

Respectfully yours,

SIMPSON TORBERT, Sup't. ELLIS LEWIS, Esq. Attorney General.

Extract from Mr. Lewis' reply.

HARRISBURG, Oct 8, 1833, Dear Sir:-Unless an agent of the State expressly makes himself liable in a contract for wages due for labour on the Canal, he cannot be sued because a suit

against him in his official capacity is in reality a suit against the State, which can never be brought in any State Courts against her consent-prescribing the terms, &c. On this subject I have given an opinion to Gen. Wm. B. Mitchell, Superintendent of the Columbia and Philadelphia Rail Road. (See present Vol. page 176.) It is confined particularly to that branch of your inquiries relative to suits entertained by Justices, for materials taken for Canal and Rail Road purposes, a copy of which I herewith send you.

Yours, very respectfully, ELLIS LEWIS.

SIMPSON TORBERT, Sup't. &c.

5th Section of the Act of the 6th of April, 1830, referred to in the letter of Mr. Lewis, page 176.

"And be it further enacted, &c. That in cases where injury or damage has been or may be done to private property, by reason of the Pennsylvania Canal or Rail Road passing through the same, or by the taking of any materials for said Canal or Rail Road, it shall be the duty of the Canal Commissioners to ascertain as nearly as may be in their power, the amount of damage actually sustained, and to make an offer of such sum, to the person or persons aggrieved,as they shall think reasonable, a record of which offer shall be made, and if the same should not be accepted, and the damage thereafter assessed in the manner provided for by this act, should not amount to a larger sum than the one offered a aforesaid; the person or persons in whose favour such damage be assessed, shall pay all the costs attending such assessment, and a certified copy of the record of such offer as aforesaid, shall be evidence of the amount thereof."

PITTSBURG WAGONERS.

WHEELING, Sept. 28. On Wednesday last sixty wagons with merchandise for the west arrined in this place.

The Baltimore Gazette of Monday says that one hundred and one wagons were despatched Westward that morning from the Depot of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road.

Few of our eastern people who have not travelled to the west, have any conception of the vast amount of transportation east and west from the cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore to the cities of Pittsburgh and Wheeling on the Ohio, a distance of 300 miles by land. The wagons which are constantly employed in this trade, have the capacity of a one story building 20 feet long by six to eight feet wide. These house-wagons are covered with canvass, and are drawn, many of them by five stout horses, but the greater part of them by six or eight. Their loads vary from sixty to eighty cwt. and they travel from 18 to 22 miles a day, making a trip from Philadelphia to Pittsburg and back again in about 30 or 35 days. Several thousand wagons are employed in this business. They go in squads of half a dozen to thirty in a string, and keep company the whole distance. They have their regular "wagon taverns," as they are called, to stay at over night, and we have seen over fifty of these teams meet at one place

for rest.

The drivers carry a mattress and a blanket, and after they have fed themselves and their horses, and drank their usual potation of whiskey they spread the mattress upon the floor of the bar-room and lie down to rest-this is the only bed on which many of them sleep from one year's end to another-they do not undress, except merely to take off their coats and do not perhaps change any part of their clothing from one end of their journey to the other.

In the morning they feed and card their horses, and as soon as they breakfast and harness, they start on their journey and do not stop to feed themselves or their

teams, until they have driven to the end of their day's route. They eat but two regular meals a day, for each of which they pay 22 cents;-their horses are fed with oats altogether, which they purchase of the tavern keeper, at a few cents advance on the original cost. The first cost of their meals is more than the tavern keeper receives, so that the only profit the taverner gets from his customers is that which arises from the sale of whiskey, and the manure made in his yard. These teams do not see the inside of a barn or shed perhaps during their lives. At night the harness is taken off and laid upon a pole running across the axel trees, and sticking out behind the wagon-the horses are then tied to different parts of the wagon, and fed from provender troughs which are carried for that purpose on the journey, and let the weather be what it may, the poor beasts must stand in the open air at the mercy of the elements. We have often asked the wagoner why he did not put his horses into the stable during the storm; and have as often received for reply, "that they do better by standing out;" and as a proof of the truth uf their assertion, we do not remember of ever having seen what is usually denominated a poor horse among the many thousands which have come under our observations.

Many persons have made independent fortunes in this business of teaming. We have known some young men to begin as drivers at eight and ten dollars a month and after a few years labor, be the owner of a dozen teams-when they get thus wealthy, they ride upon horseback, and accompany their teams all in a string, from the Ohio to the Delaware, and purchase flour and whiskey, and sell them on their own account to the mer chants and tavern keepers on the route.

The transportation of goods by wagons from the east to the west is about drawing to a close. The canals between Philadelphia and Pittsburg are already com. pleted, and the Portage Rail Road across the Allegheny Mountains, to connect the canals on each side, will be completed early next season, when, on this route, wag ons will cease to run. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road is already completed to Frederick, a distance of about 75 miles-the whole will be completed in a few years when these improvements shall be in operation, what is now termed, a "Pittsburg Wagoner," will no more be known.

We did not intend to write so long an article-but its perusal may not be altogether useless or uninterest. ing to a portion of our readers, who, like ourself until 1817, may be ignorant of the extent of business, habits, and customs of a Pittsburg Teamster.'-Long Island

Advocate.

JEFFERSON COLLEGE.

Extract from the Minutes of the Alumni Association of Jefferson College.

CANONSBURG, Sept. 25, 1833. According to previous intimation, a number of the Alumni of Jefferson College assembled for the purpose of organizing an association. The necessary officers having been selected, the committee appointed on a former occasion, consisting of the Rev. Aaron Williams, Rev. A. B. Brown, and Stephen Caldwell, Esq., reported a constitution, which was adopted, as fol lows

Article 1. The name of this association shall be "The Alumni Association of Jefferson College."

Art. 2. The object of this association shall be to promote the interests of the College, and the friendly inter course of its graduates.

Art. 3. The Alumni of the old Canonsburg Academy, now in the learned professions, all the Alumni of the college, and those who are, or have been, instructers in the Institution, shall be considered members together with such Alumni of other colleges, annorary

Vic a

graduates of this college, as may be elected on applica

tion.

Art. 4. The officers of the association shall be a President, seven Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary, who shall perform the duties usually devolving on such officers, and shall continue in office one year, or until a new election.

Art. 5. There shall be an annual meeting of the association, on the day before the annual commencement, at which time a public address shall be delivered before the Society, and all necessary business transacted.

Art. 6. This constitution may be amended at an annual meeting, by a vote of two thirds of the members present.

After an Address, by Thomas Livingston, Esq., of Pittsburg, the association proceeded to the election of officers, James Ross, Esq., of Pittsburgh, was chosen President-Hon Wm. Hendricks, of Indiana, Charles Hammond, Esq., of Cincinnati; Rev. W. Smith, and Rev. J. Ramsay, D. D., of Canonsburg, Dr. Andrew Livingston, of York, Pa., Rev. J. R. Wilson, D. D. of Albany, and Rev. Moses Allen, of Washington co., were elected Vice Presidents-Rev. John H. Kennedy, of Canonsburg, was chosen Treasurer, and Stephen Caldwell, Esq., of Pittsburgh, Secretary. The thanks of the meeting were tendered to Mr. Livingston, for his address, and arrangements were made for its publica

tion.

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The society then adjourned, to meet at the time specified in the constitution.

E. P. OLIPHANT, Chairman.

ALEX. T. M'GILL, Secretary. PUBLIC MEETING-TRADE WITH THE WEST. A large and respectable meeting of the citizens of the City and County of Philadelphia, was held at the County Court Room, on Saturday evening last, for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of appointing delegates to the Canal Convention to be held at Warren, Ohio, on the 13th November next. HENRY TROTH, Esq. the President of the Common Council of the City, was called to the Chair, and

Robert Bethell, Esq. was appointed Secretary. The meeting was addressed in energetic and appropriate terms by General Robert Patterson, who offered the following resolutiuns:

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Messrs. Hazeltine and Newkirk were appointed tellers, who in a short time reported, that the following gentlemen were elected, viz.

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Resolved, That the Delegates now elected, be authorised to exercise a sound discretion upon the choice of routes to connect the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canals, and upon all other matters that may be presented to the convention for their consideration.

Resolved, That the Delegates be authorised to fill any vacancies that may occur in their body, Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the daily papers.

ROBERT TOLAND, Chairman. JACOB FRICK, Secretary.

LIME SPREADER.-We last week had an opportunity of witnessing the performance of a machine for spreading lime, invented by Mark Wilson of this County, and by him patented. Although the machine was much worn, Resolved, That a committee of five persons be ap-being one of the first constructed, it spread near 100 pointed to confer with the Board of Trade in relation to the Canal Convention to be held at Warren, in the State of Ohio, on the second Wednesday in November next and to adopt such measures as may be proper to carry into effect the objects of the proposed Convention. The resolution was seconded by Colonel Chew in a speech of considerable length, and unanimously adopt

ed.

The Chairman appointed the following commit.

tee:

Josiah Randall, Alexander M'Clurg, John M. Atwood, John H. Brown, and Cornelius S. Smith.

bushels in an afternoon. It is quite simple and could be made, with the exception of the cog-wheels by any one accustomed to the use of a saw and hatchet. It spreads the lime in any proportion desired, from 10 to 70 bushels to the acre, and with more uniformity than can be done with a shovel. The machines are made for one or two horses, and it is ascertained that two men can spread with a two horse machine, four hundred bushels per day. It can be used in windy as well as calm weather, no inconvenience arising from the dust therefrom. Mr. Brock of this place has obtained the right of vending patents for the use and construction of the machine in this County, with the exception of the upper townships. We conceive it to be an improvement of much consequence to farmers, who make use of lime as a manure, entirely doing away a most disagreeable, yet necessary branch of their business. The machine,for two horses, costs about 30 or 35 dollars, and as no one farmer would have constant use for them, by three or four joining together, the expense would be so ROBEBT BETHELL, Secretary. trifling that we should presume every neighborhood would be able to have among them one of these labor The following gentlemen were appointed at a Town saving machines.-Bucks Intelligencer.

On motion of Judge Sutherland, the name of Dr. Jesse R. Burden was added to the committee; and on motion of Josiah Randall, the name of Dr. Jacob Frick was also added.

On motion of General Patterson, it was resolved, that the proceedings be published in the newspapers, and on motion of the same gentleman, the meeting adjourn ed. HENRY TROTH, Chairman,

MAUCH CHUNK, Oct. 26.

Line of Stages between Pottsville and Harrisburg.ENTERPRIZE. We notice with pleasure the recent We understand that this line of Stages has been pur manifestations of laudable enterprize, and public spirit chased by our fellow citizen, N. J. Mills, who intends among the citizens of this place, in the promotion of im. sparing no pains in rendering travelling on this route provements which are calculated to contribute material-equal to any in the state. The stages are entirely new, ly to the credit and respectability of the place, as well the horses good, and drivers careful and attentive. As as to become objects of great utility to its inhabitants. this is the nearest and cheapest route between Pottsville Within a few days a subscription has been opened for and Harrisburg, the proprietor, no doubt, will receive the erection of another Meeting House intended for the support of a liberal public.—Ib. the use of the Presbyterians and others, as occasion may require, and we understand that it has hitherto met with a degree of encouragement from the liberality of passed over that place last week. During the present A Reading paper mentions that a flock of wild geese our citizens, which has exceeded the fondest anticipa-week many flocks have passed over our borough. Pitions of its friends. A communication upon the subject geons also made their appearance in the early part of by the Committee appointed to receive subscriptions, the week. During one or two days there was an inwill be seen in another column. cessant popping of fire arms in the environs of our borough, since which the pigeons have disappeared.— Ib.

We would also congratulate our friends of the Meth odist Society in this place, (who are really the pioneers in the cause of erecting a house of worship) upon the progress of their Meeting House, which has recently been raised, covered and painted on the outside, and which exhibits an appearance on Broadway (although plain and unassuming) which does credit to their enterprise and perseverance.

Hitherto the inhabitants of this place have been dependent upon the liberality of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company for a place of worship in the Town Ilouse, which was erected for that among other purpoes.-Mauch Chunk Courier.

MAUCH CHUNK.-It may not be amiss to remark, that since the commencement of the improvements on the Lehigh, and the building of Mauch Chunk, even up to the present time, the increase of population has been so rapid in proportion to the increase of buildings, which have till recently been erected by the Company only as the necessities of the place demand, so great has been the scarcity of room, for all purposes, that hitherto the Town House has been appropriated to the use of dispensing light and instruction in various ways-the basement story being used as a Printing Office, (the art of printing being the ground work,) and the second story for schools, and the third for meetings of every description, for public teaching in spiritual things.—Ib.

H. H. Burr, assignee of Theo. Burr

VS.

The Danville Bridge Company. U.S. Court-Western District. This suit, brought to recover damages for an infringement of a patent right| obtaiued by Theodore Burr for an improvement in bridge building, was decided last week. The jury brought in a verdict of $900 damages, which the Judge trebled, making $2,700, with costs.

POTTSVILLE, October 26. Snow. -On Sunday last we had a slight sprinkling of snow in this borough. On the Broad Mountain, we understand, it snowed throughout the greater part of the day, and clothed the country round about in the livery of winter.- Miners' Journal.

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LARGE BEET. A Red Beet measuring twenty-five inches in circumference, fifteen inches in length, weighing fifteen pounds, has been left at this office by our townsman Jacob Seitzinger, Esquire, in whose garden it grew. We challenge the state to produce one of equal size.-Columbia Spy.

WEST CHESTER, Oct. 29.

EARLY WINTER.-There have been already, considerable falls of snow, in th northern part of New York, and the Eastern States. Large flocks of wild geese have passed along the course of the Brandywine in this county, on their way to the Chesapeake.—American Republican.

THE REGISTER.

PHILADELPHIA, NOV. 2, 1833.

cils to devise a more efficient system of police will be The report of the Commissioners appointed by Coun found in, and occupies a considerable space of our present number. Few subjects are more interesting and important to our citizens than this. It is an able report. The plan appears to us, as far as we are competent to judge, to be excellent; and if adopted, (as we trust it will be)we have no doubt will be found an efficient substitute, for the present system, which has long been considered very defective.

The Trustees of Allegheny College, now under the charge of the Methodist Conference, have published a long report on the Manual Labor System, which is also inserted this week. It appears they are in want of funds to carry their plans into effect.

On the morning of the 29th ult. there was visible on the roofs of the houses, a severe white frost, and during the day a spitting of snow, being the first this season. And on the 30th, the houses were whitened by snowand the flakes, large and abundant, fell for some time, but they ceased by 8 or 9 o'clock, A. M.—and the weather became clear and pleasant. In several papers from the interior, we observe notices of considerable falls of snow, and flights of wild geese towards the south, indicative of the approach of winter.

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