the point at which the same joins the Red Road; thence along the Red Road to the point at which the same joins the Newtown Road; thence in a straight line to the western extremity of the fence which divides the Demesne from the Calcott Meadows; thence along the said fence to the point at which the same reaches the river Severn; thence along the river Severn to the point at which the same is met by the old course thereof, called the Horse Shoe; thence, westward, along the said old course to the point at which the same again joins the river Severn; thence along the river Severn to Leighton Ford.

[Want of space compels us to defer the districts of South Wales till next Quarter.]

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

Births.

March 16, at Grappenhall Lodge, Cheshire, the lady of James H. Leigh, esq. of a son.-March 12, at Amlwch, the lady of William Petters, esq. of a daughter.-Latter end of March, at Aberystwith, the lady of John Attwood, esq. solicitor, of a son.-. -April 15, at Mynydd Ednyfed, Carnarvon, Mrs. Jones of a stillborn son.-Sunday, April 22, in Portman square, London, the lady of C. G. Wynne, esq. M.P. of a son.-May 17, Mrs. Owen Ellis, Segontium terrace, Carnarvon, of a daughter, who lived only a few minutes after her birth. -May 10, Mrs. John Humphreys, Pwllheli, of a son.-May 22, the lady of the Rev. J. W. Trevor, of Cefnhendref, near Carnarvon, of a daughter.-May 22, in Chester, the lady of W. H. Roger Palmer, esq. of a son and heir.- May 21, in Dover street, London, the lady of Charles Tracy Leigh, esq. M.P. of a daughter.-June 2, the lady of R. A. Poole, esq. of Carnarvon, of a son.June 8, the lady of T. B. Haslam, esq. of Carnarvon, of a daughter.-June 7, the lady of the Rev. H. Bayley Williams, of Pontafon, near Carnarvon, of a daughter.-June 2, at the Bishop's Palace, Chester, the lady of the Rev. William Gibson, of a daughter.-June 14, the lady of Lieutenant Caldecot, R. N. of a stillborn child.-Lately, at Aberystwith, the lady of R. O. Powell, esq. of a son and heir.

Marriages.

The latter end of March, at Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Anglesey, by the Rev. David Gryffydh, John Lewis, esq. of Treddafydd, to Elizabeth, second daughter of John Williams, esq. of Pant Lodge.-April 3, at Conway, by the Rev. John Owen, vicar, Edward Leigh, esq. of Lewisham, in the county of Kent, to Catherine, youngest daughter of the late Rev. Edward Owen, Rector of Llaniestyn, in the county of Carnarvon.-March 28, at Carmarthen, by the Rev. J. Owen, the Rev. Eliezer Jones, minister of the Independent connexion at Rodborough, Gloucestershire, to Anne, second daughter of the late Mr. J. Evans, Carmarthen.-April 4, at the parish-church of Darowen, Montgomeryshire, by the Rev. Mr. Richards, Richard Price, esq. of Dolagwyn, in the parish of Towyn, to Jane, the eldest daughter of Rowland Gwynne, esq. of Gwastadgoed, in the former parish.-April 11, by the Rev. Ellis Roberts, Edward Jones, esq. of Craig, near Ruthin, to Anna Maria, youngest daughter of the late D. Lloyd, esq. of Plas Llanynys.--May 2, John Jones, esq. jun. of Oswestry, to Miss Thomas, daughter of the late Mr. E. Thomas, of Wrexham. --May 3, at the New Church, Marylebone, by the Hon. and Right Rev. the Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, Captain George Hill, Royal Horse Guards, eldest son of Sir Robert Hill, of Prees Hall, Shropshire, to Jane, youngest daughter of Thomas Borough, esq. of Chetwynd Park, Shropshire.-May 18, at Llanbeblig, by the Rev. J. W. Trevor, Mr. Thomas Rogers, of Ruthin, to Ann, youngest daughter of William Williams, esq. of Fir Grove, near the latter place.-May 17, at Liverpool, by the Rev. Mr. Johnson, M.A. Thomas Griffith, esq. of Bangor, to Miss Whittaker, of Cernioge mawr, Denbighshire. -May 22, at Halton Chapel, by special licence, by the Rev. G. Cunliffe, vicar of Wrexham, the Hon. Richard Bootle Wilbraham, eldest son of Lord Skelmersdale, to Jessy, third daughter of Sir Richard Brooke, bart. of Norton

Priory, Cheshire.-The marriage of J. Milnes Gaskell, esq. only son of Benjamin Gaskell, esq. of Thornes House, Yorkshire, to Miss Mary Williams Wynn, the second daughter of the Right Hon. C. W. Wynn, M.P. for Montgomeryshire, took place at St. George's Church, Hanover square. His Grace the Archbishop of York performed the marriage ceremony, in the presence of a large and distinguished company. After the marriage the young couple set out for Fairsted, Archdeacon Lyall's rectory, and the rest of the company adjourned to the house of Sir W. Williams Wynn, in St. James's square, where they partook of a splendid breakfast. Amongst the guests were the Archbishop of York, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Williams Wynn, three Misses Wynn, Lord and Lady Delamere, Lady Carysfort and the Ladies Proby, Earl Fortescue and Lady Eleanor Fortescue, Lady Mary Hamlyn Williams, Mrs. and Miss Shipley, Mr. and Lady Anne Wilbraham, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Beilby Thomson, Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Cunliffe, Mr. Thomas Grenville, Lord and Lady Nugent, Lady Emily Graham, Lady Lucy Vaughan, Miss Macdonald, Mr. and Mrs. Gaskell, and Miss Brandreth, Viscount and Viscountess Sidmouth, Archdeacon Lyall, Viscount Morpeth, the Hon. William and Charles Howard, Lord Ernest Bruce, the Hon. Hugh Cholmondley, Lady and Miss Kinlock, Mr. A. Hallam, Mr. Gladstone, &c.-May 31, at Westfelton, by the Rev. T. Hunt, Robert Myddleton Biddulph, esq. M.P. of Chirk Castle, in the county of Denbigh, to Fanny, second daughter of William Mostyn Owen, esq. of Woodhouse, Shropshire.-June 4, at Holyhead, by the Rev. J. Jones, Capt. William Parry, to Sarah, third daughter of the late Capt. Richard Jones, of Holyhead.— June 4, by the Rev. J. B. Clarke, the Rev. W. Jones, of Frome, and eldest son of Mr. Thomas Jones, of Cardigan, to Miss Brittain, second daughter of Mr. Brittain, of Vallis Way.-June 14, John G. Freeman, esq. of Rockfield, to Mary Ann, only child of the late Walter Watkins, esq. of Boatside, Radnorshire.-June 15, John Lewis, esq. of Nonaddu, to Miss Jones, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Jones, vicar of Llandegley, Radnorshire.-Lately, at St. Michael's, Huntingdon, by the Rev. John Bagshaw, the Rev. H. L. Davies, (Welsh bard,) curate of Papworth, Cambridgeshire, to Miss Anne Spencer, third daughter of Mr. Edward Spencer, of Froomes Mill, near Huntingdon.-Lately, in London, Edward Williams, esq. of Denbigh, to Miss Lloyd, of Ruthin.

Deaths.

March 26, at Dolgelley, William Williams, esq. solicitor, and one of the coroners for the county of Merioneth.-At Oswestry, Mrs. Owen, of Llanfair, Montgomeryshire, daughter of the late Rev. Humphrey Tamberlin, of Llangyrnwy, in that county.-March 22, at Stansty Lodge, near Wrexham, Capt. S. Nicholls, of the Royal Denbigh Militia.-March 27, in Bryanston square, London, Frances Amelia, the only child of G. F. Barlow, esq. of Treborth, near Bangor, and niece of the late viscount Clermont.-March 26, at Llanerchymedd, after three weeks' illness, the Rev. John Richards, aged 75.— March 25, at Denbigh, aged 84, Mrs. Mason, mother of Dr. Mason, of Carnarvon.-March 19, at Gravesend, after an illness of only five days, Capt. Charles Jones, of Pwllheli, eldest son of Mr. E. Jones Green, Nevin.-March 22, at Bala, aged 26, Mrs. Jones, wife of Thomas Jones, esq. and daughter of the late Rev. Hugh Thomas, reator of Penegos, Montgomery.-March 26, at Dolgelley, snddenly, aged 56, William Williams, esq. of Bennar.-March 10, William Atford Griffiths, late lieutenant and paymaster of the 23d Royal Welsh Fusileers.-March 20, at Wrexham, aged 76, the Rev. Peter Ravenscroft, B.D. formerly scholar and chaplain of Jesus College, Oxford, and for the last fiftytwo years perpetual curate of Shocklach, in the county of Chester.- March 21, Elizabeth, wife of W. Meredith, esq. of Knighton, Radnorshire.-March 26, Essex Bowen, esq. late of Castlegorford, Carmarthenshire.-March 10, the Rev. John Foley, of Vorlan, Pembrokeshire; his horse threw him, and he was killed on the spot. March 27, after a very long and severe affliction, Mary Ann, wife of the Rev. John Hughes, of Wrexham.-April 11, Bridget, wife of Capt. Peter Peters, and second daughter of the late J. Hughes, esq. of Gogarth, Merionethshire.-April 15, at Ruthin, aged 76, Goodman Roberts, esq. His memory will long be cherished for his ardent nationality of character, for his warmth of friendship, and for his guileless behaviour. —April 16, aged 56,

James Webster, esq. of Deri, Anglesey.-April 19, suddenly, at Barmouth, aged 34, Francis Parry Jones Evans, esq. of Hendreforion, lieutenant of the Royal Merioneth light infantry, and deputy lieutenant of Merionethshire.Latter end of April, at Pwllchrochan, near Milford, aged 50, the Rev. James Lloyd, rector of Dale, St. Ishmaels, and the above-mentioned place.-April 19, at Brighton, the Hon. Caroline Ann Hughes, daughter of the lord Dinorben.May 3, aged 74, Mrs. Williams, of Maengwyn, near Llanerchymedd.-Lately, Mrs. Evans, wife of David Evans, esq. of Penhrhiwgaled, in the county of Cardigan, and only sister to David Rowland, esq. M.D. of Chatham.—May 9, at Bathafarn park, Denbighshire, Caroline Eliza, wife of Thomas Downward, esq. and daughter of the late Rev. T. H. Clough, of Hafodunos, in the same county.-May 4, at his father's house, in the village of Trawsfynydd, aged 23, Mr. Griffith Jones. He was a young man of brilliant talents, a bard, and popular preacher in connexion with the Wesleyan Methodists.-May 14, at the house of her son, the rector of Dolgelley, sincerely and deservedly lamented, Isabella, the beloved wife of William White, esq. of Glasinnryn, near this city. May 15, at Llangefni, the Rev. William R. Griffith, M.A. aged 25, late usher of the free grammar school, in Beaumaris.-May 7, at Cam-y-vallyn, Julia, youngest daughter of the late William Boscawen, esq. only brother of George Boscawan, esq. of Trevallyn Hall, Denbighshire, and cousin to the earl of Falmouth. May 12, aged 68, Brigetta Dorothea, wife of the Rev. Simon Lloyd, of Plasyndre, Bala.-In London, J. B. Davies, esq. second son of Jenkin Davies, esq. of Maesycrigie, Carmarthenshire.-At Gwernvale, the seat of John Gwynn, esq. near Crickhowell, Mrs. Sarah Jones, of Brecknock. She was the daughter of the Rev. Hugh Jones, late of Brecknock, vicar of Llywell, granddaughter of the late Rev. Theophilus Evans, vicar of Llangam. march, and author of a celebrated Welsh Historical Work, called "Drych y Frif Oesood," and sister of the late Theophilus Jones, esq. author of the History of Breconshire, and deputy registrar of the archdeaconry of Brecknock. -May 26, at Gwynfryn, near Pwllheli, of apoplexy, aged 41, the lady of J. Bell, esq.--May 28, at Madyn-dysw', near Amlwch, aged 20, Mary Anne, second daughter of William Hughes, esq.-May 24, at Farm, near Abergele, Robert Oldfield, son of Robert Ewer, esq. of Holywell, Flintshire.-May 7, at his house in Portland place, London, John Hornby, esq. of the Hook, in the county of Southampton, in his 68th year. Mr. Hornby married Jane, eldest daughter of the late William Wynne, esq. of Wern and Peniarth, in the counties of Carnarvon and Merionedd.-June 1, at Mona Lodge, Amlwch, aged 21, Francis, third son of James Trewick, esq.-June 11, at the advanced age of 83, Anne, relict of the late Lewis Edwards, esq. of Calgarth, Merionethshire, and daughter of the late Dr. Pryce, of Myford, Montgomeryshire.-June 12, at Llanbedr, Mrs. C. Moyle, sister to the late Rev. J. Williams, rector of Llanbedr, Carnarvon.-Lately, Mrs. Phillips, of Penrhos, near Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire.-May 24, awfully sudden, Margaret, wife of the Rev. John Jones, vicar of Holywell.-May 21, in her 80th year, Mrs. Parry, relict of the late Rev. R. Parry, vicar of Eglwysfach, Denbighshire.-June 15, at Rhyll, near St. Asaph, Eleanor, eldest daughter of the late Rev. T. G. Roberts, rector of Cloclaenog, Denbighshire.

PRICES OF SHARES OF CANALS IN WALES.

Brecknock and Abergavenny, 80; Glamorganshire, 290; Monmouthshire, 194; Montgomery, 80; Shrewsbury, 250; Swansea, 165.

FOREIGN FUNDS.

Closing price, June 28. Austrian ; Brazilian, 482; Buenos Ayres, 244; Chilian, 16; Colombian, 1824, 12; Danish, 66; Greek, 33; Mexican, 6 per cents. 32; Peruvian, -; Portuguese, 51; Prussian, 1822, -; Russian, 1822, 98; Spanish, 1821 and 1822, 14; ditto 1823, 13; Dutch, 44; French Rentes,

ENGLISH FUNDS.

Bank Stock, shut; 3 per cent. cons. 84; 34 per cent. 92; 3 per cent. red. 83; 34 per cent. red. 91; 4 per cent. 1007; Long Annuities, 16.

CAMBRIAN

QUARTERLY MAGAZINE

AND

Celtic Repertory.

No. 16.-OCTOBER 1, 1832.-VOL. IV.

THE LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY.

WE look upon the Rail-road as one of those grand applications of science to the practical concerns of life, which exert a decided and lasting influence upon the general welfare of the community. If we were called upon to express in one word all the benefits which are to be expected from such an improvement, we should say, that word was--concentration. Few persons who have at all reflected upon the workings of civilized society, and the mode whereby its individual members are made to partake of the various enjoyments which it produces, will hesitate, at once, to allow that the machinery by which all this good is effected, consists, to express it generally, in an universal co-operation, a mutual interchange, of the produce of each man's bodily labour and of each man's mental thought; and looking to experience, it will be found, that a country is prosperous and powerful precisely in proportion as this interchange of labour and knowledge is unrestricted. But the intercommunication which we speak of will be obviously greater or less as men happen to be near to or distant from one another; and upon these plain truths we found our expectations of the great advantages of the Railway, when established generally throughout the country; since, by diminishing more than one half the time now required to go from one place to another, it will virtually reduce the present distances between all places within its limits in the same proportion. Its advantages, however, do not rest here: not only does it, as we have observed, in effect bring more than halfway closer together all places which it connects, but, at the same time, it affords a power greater than any hitherto employed, for the transportation of commodities, of whatever bulk or weight, without any sensible abatement of speed. To obtain an accurate idea of its advantages, therefore, it is necessary to keep this combination of properties in view; speed, namely,

NO. XVI.

Gg

more than double that hitherto known, joined to an unlimited power, at least for all practical purposes, of carrying along all bodies whether heavy or light. The extent to which such powers may be applied in the concerns of a country like this, is positively incalculable. We will state a few instances, furnished from the experience of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which, as our readers well know, has been in active operation only since Sept. 1830, and runs but a distance of thirty miles. That distance is traversed in an hour and a half on the average, the extreme time consumed being two hours, whilst on several urgent occasions a single hour has sufficed. For example: a regiment of soldiers with their baggage, proceeding to Ireland, has been launched on the Railway at Manchester, and two hours thereafter they were engaged in the act of embarking on board the transport that shipped them across the Irish Sea. Again, on the occasion of the late elections, voters have been sent for to Manchester from Liverpool, and been conveyed to the latter place within the space of two hours, reckoning to and fro. It is now common for traders to start in the morning from Liverpool or Manchester, transact their business at either place of destination, and return back to their respective houses, with ease, in the compass of a forenoon. These examples may suffice to form an idea of the speed and saving of time which may be realized in practice upon the Railway; and we must not omit to state, that at the same time the fares of passengers are reduced one half; and if we add to this saving the gains which doublespeed must obviously bring with it in a variety of ways, it is most probable, that Railway travelling will be effected in less than half the time and at one third of the cost of the present mode. The great increase of communication between the people which will infallibly ensue upon such increased facilities of travelling, will, according to our views, eventually afford the chief benefits to be hoped for from the Railway; but they are, perhaps, not so obvious nor immediate as the commercial advantages which take place at once, in the shape of a calculable per centage of profit. Thus, for instance, the carriage of cotton, the chief article of commerce passing from Liverpool to Manchester, has been reduced one third, and a saving has by that means been effected to the manufacturers of Manchester, within the short period the Railway has been worked, of £20,000 per annum ; some individual houses having saved £500 per annum in carriage alone.*

These facts are striking enough in themselves, but the short run of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and the peculiar kind of traffic to which it is subservient, chiefly the supply of the

* Our facts are taken from the evidence brought before the Lords' committee, on the London and Birmingham Railway Bill.