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were less elevated than those of Albany, and the country consisted of extensive flats, less broken and better watered; there were also forests of the finest timber rising from the plains to the very summits of the hills. The country, moreover, increased in beauty and apparent fertility the further the expedition advanced.

The adaptation of the soil for agricultural pursuits was not, however, the only circumstance to be considered in selecting an eligible spot for the foundation of a British colony. It was likewise of great importance to secure, as far as possible, the best facilities for the encouragement of foreign commerce and internal navigation. We are not sufficiently acquainted with the harbours and rivers on the eastern coast of Africa to pronounce with any certainty, whether a situation could have been found, for the colonists now settled at Albany, preferable, in this particular, to their present district; but we certainly think that the expedition which has been subsequently fitted out at the Cape to survey the coast ought to have preceded so serious an event as the establishment of a colony; for unquestionably the harbours and rivers of Albany are by no means of the best description. The principal rivers are the Great Fish, the Kawie, and the Boschemans, with their various subsidiary but inconsiderable streams. The mouths of these rivers are much obstructed by bars of sand, so as to render navigation particularly dangerous and uncertain. The entrance of the Kawie river is most free from these obstructions, but is nevertheless so very shallow, as only to admit vessels of small burthen. In common with the other rivers, the navigation of the Kawie must always be inconvenient from its shifting sands, unless the infant and distressed colonists should be able to incur the expense of employing artificial means to improve the entrance. The basin, however, within the bar, when rendered accessible, Asiatic Journ.-No. 102.

will be found to be excellent, and is, moreover (with the exception of the Knysua), the only sheltered port on a line of coast of upwards of 500 miles. None of these rivers are navigable, even for boats and barges, for more than twelve miles from their estuaries, for above that distance from the sea they can no longer be called streams, being nothing more than a series of large pools with subterraneous communication.

The want of good rivers and harbours is not confined to our settlement at Albany, for the neighbouring district of Uitenhaagen is equally unfortunate in this respect. The Zwarlkops is the only river that is navigable in that quarter, and Algoa Bay affords a very exposed and dangerous roadstead. The shores of this bay are wild and forbidding, and are studded with numerous rocks either just emerging from the waves or treacherously hidden beneath them. Owing to this cause, and the heavy roll of the sea from the S.E., the surf is very great, though not so tremendous as ill-fame has reported it. The landing-place is on an open and sandy beach, very difficult of access for want of a pier; and the burial ground close to the beach exhibits a melancholy picture of its dangers in the numerous records it contains of those who have met with a premature death, and have been cast on shore by the surf.

We shall conclude the present article with simply observing, that it is only to be considered as an introduction to more interesting details; and that in pointing out at the commencement a few of the most important of the physical difficulties to be encountered by the settlers, it has been our chief object to exhibit ultimately in a more striking manner the obstacles that have been overcome by enterprize and industry.

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Sacred Poetry.

THE PASSAGE OF THE RED SEA.

By the Right Rev. Reginald Heber, Lord Bishop of Calcutta.

WITH heat o'erlabour'd and the length of way
On Ethan's beach the bands of Israel lay.
'Twas silence all, the sparkling sands along,
Save where the locust trill'd her feeble song;
Or blended soft in drowsy cadence, fell
The wave's low whisper or the camel's bell.-
'Twas silence all!-the flocks for shelter fly
Where, waving light, the acacia shadows lie;
Or where, from far, the flatt'ring vapours make
The noon-tide semblance of a misty lake:
While the mute swain, in careless safety spread,
With arms enfolded, and dejected head,
Dreams o'er his wondrous call, his lineage hig!:,
And, late reveal'd, his children's destiny.—
For, not in vain, in thraldom's darkest hour,
Had sped from Amram's sons the word of pow'r ;
Nor fail'd the dreadful wand, whose god-like sway
Could lure the locust from her airy way;
With reptile war assail their proud abodes,
And mar the giant pomp of Egypt's gods.
Oh, helpless Gods! who nought avail'd to shield
From fiery rain your Zoan's favour'd field!-
Oh, helpless Gods! who saw the curdled blood
Taint the rare lotus of your ancient flood,
And fourfold night the wondering earth enchain,
While Memnon's orient harp was heard in vain !—
Such musing held the tribes, till now the west
With milder influence on their temples prest;
And that portentous cloud, which all the day
Hung its dark curtain o'er their weary way,
(A cloud by day, a friendly flame by night),
Roll'd back its misty veil, and kindled into light.—
Soft fell the eve; but ere the day was done,
Tall, waving banners streak'd the level sun,
And,wide and dark along th' horizon red,
In sandy surge the rising desert spread.

"Mark, Israel, mark!"-On that strange sight intent,
In breathless terror every eye was bent;

And busy faction's undistinguish'd hum,

And female shrieks arose," they come, they come!"
They come, they come! in scintillating show,
O'er the dark mass the brazen lances glow;
And sandy clouds in countless shapes combine,
As deepens or extends the long tumultuous line;
And fancy's keener glance ev'n now may trace
The threatening aspects of each mingl'd race!-
For many of coal-black tribe and cany spear,
The hireling guards of Misraim's throne were there,

From distant Cush they troop'd, a warrior train,
Siwah's green isle and Sennar's marly plain:
On either wing their fiery coursers check
The parch'd and sinewy sons of Amalek:
While close behind, inur'd to feast on blood,

Deck'd in Behemoth's spoils, the tall Shaugalla strode,
'Mid blazing helms and bucklers rough with gold.
Saw ye how swift the scythed-chariots roll'd?
Lo, these are they whom, lords of Afric's fates,

Old Thebes hath pour'd through all her hundred gates,
Mother of armies!-How the emeralds glow'd

Where, flush'd with power and vengeance, Pharoah rode;
And stol'd in white those brazen wheels before,

Osiris' ark his swarthy wizards bore;

And still responsive to the trumpet's cry,

The priestly sistrum murmur'd-Victory!

Why swell these shouts that rend the desert's gloom?
Whom come ye forth to combat?-warriors, whom?
These flocks and herds-this faint and weary train,
Red from the scourge and recent from the chain.
God of the poor, the poor and friendless save!
Giver and Lord of freedom, help the slave!
North, south, and west, the sandy whirlwinds fly,
The circling horns of Egypt's chivalry.

On earth's last margin throng the weeping train;

Their cloudy guide moves on-" and must we swim the main?" 'Mid the light spray their snorting camels stood,

Nor bath'd a fetlock in the nauseous flood-
He comes-their leader comes! the man of God
O'er the wide waters lifts his mighty rod,
And onward treads-The circling waves retreat,
In hoarse deep murmurs, from his holy feet;
And the chas'd surges, inly roaring, show
The hard wet sand and coral hills below.

With limbs that falter, and with hearts that swell,
Down, down they pass-a steep and slippery dell-
Around them rise, in pristine chaos hurl'd

The ancient rocks, the secrets of the world:

And flowers that blush beneath the ocean green,

And caves, the sea-calves' low roof'd haunt, are seen.
Down, safely down the narrow pass they tread ;
The beetling waters storm above their head:
While far behind retires the sinking day,

And sheds on Edom's hills its latest ray.

Yet not from Israel fled the friendly light,

Or dark to them, or cheerless came the night.

Still in their van, along that dreadful road,

Blaz'd broad and fierce the brandish'd torch of God.

Its meteor glare a tenfold lustre gave,

On the long mirror of the rosy wave,

While its blest beams a sunlike heat supply,
Warm every cheek and dance in every eye,

To them alone, for Misraim's wizard train,
Invoke for light their monster-gods in vain ;
Clouds heap'd on clouds, their struggling sight confine,
A tenfold darkness broods above their line.

Yet on they fare, by reckless vengeance led,
And range unconscious through the ocean's bed,
Till midway now, that strange and fiery form

Show'd his dread visage light'ning through the storm;
With withering splendour blasted all their might,

And brake their chariot wheels, and marr'd their coursers flight, "Fly, Misraim, fly!"-The ravenous floods they sɛe,

And, fiercer than the floods, the Deity.

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Fly, Misraim, fly !"-From Edom's coral strand,
Again the prophet stretch'd his dreadful wand :-
With one wild crash the thundering waters sweep,
And all is waves a dark and lonely deep;
Yet o'er those lonely waves such murmurs past,
As mortal wailing swell'd the nightly blast:
And strange and sad the whispering breezes bore,
The groans of Egypt to Arabia's shore.

Oh! welcome came the morn, where Israel stood
In trustless wonder by th'avenging flood!
Oh! welcome came the cheerful morn, to show
The drifted wreck of Zoan's pride below;
The mangled limbs of men, the broken car,
A few sad relics of a nation's war:
Alas, how few! Then, soft as Elim's well,
The precious tears of new-born freedom fell;
And he, whose harden'd heart alike had borne
The house of bondage and th' oppressor's scorn,
The stubborn slave, by hope's new beams subdued,
In faltering accents sobb'd his gratitude-

Till kindling into warmer zeal around,

The virgin timbrel wak'd its silver sound,

And in fierce joy, no more by doubt supprest,

The struggling spirit throbb'd in Miriam's breast;
She, with bare arms, and fixing on the sky,

The dark transparence of her lucid eye,

Pour'd on the winds of heaven her wild sweet harmony,
"Where now," she sang, "the tall Egyptian spear,
"On 's sunlike shield, and Zoan's chariot, where!
"Above their ranks the whelming waters spread.
"Shout, Israel, for the Lord hath triumphed !"
And every pause between, as Miriam sang,
From tribe to tribe the martial thunder rang,
And loud and far their stormy chorus spread.-
Shout, Israel, for the Lord has triumphed!"

HYMN.

By the same.

By cool Siloam's 'shady fountain,

How sweet the lily grows! ..

How sweet the breath on yonder mountain,

Of Sharon's dewy rose!

Lo such the child whose young devotion,
The paths of peace has trod;

Whose secret soul's instinctive motion,
Tends upward to his God.

By cool Siloam's shady fountain,

The lily must decay;

The rose that blooms on yonder mountain Must shortly fade away.

A little while, the bitter morrow

Of man's maturer age

Will shake the soul with cank'ring sorrow,

And passion's stormy rage.

Oh Thou! whose every year, untainted
In changeless virtue shone,

Preserve the flowers thy grace has planted,
And keep them still thine own.

Review of Books.

The Wonders of Elora; or the Narrative of a Journey to the Temples and Dwellings excavated out of a Mountain of Granite, and extending upwards of a Mile and a Quarter, at Elora, in the East-Indies, by the Route of Poona, Ahmed-nuggur, and Toka, returning by Aurungabad;

with some General Observations on the People and Country. By JOHN B. SEELY, Captain in the Bombay Native Infantry, and late in the Military Service of His Highness the Rajah of Nagpore. London,

1824.

THE excavated temples of Elora have never yet been shewn to the public in a familiar and popular view, if we except the slight sketches that have been taken by several passing travellers. Nevertheless, they may justly be ranked amongst the wonders of the world, for they are second to the pyramids alone as monuments of human labour, and are probably not much below them in antiquity. The disorganized state of the country in which these temples are situated has doubtless been the chief cause of their having been so little visited by our countrymen; and we certainly think that it reflects credit upon the enterprizing spirit of Captain Seely, that he did not hesitate to prosecute his researches, though travelling without

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a military escort in a land of freebooters.

The first hundred pages of the volume are occupied by a cursory journal of the author's travels into different parts of India, the better to enable him to describe the manners, customs, and various other peculia

rities of the countries he had visited. The next two hundred and thirty pages are devoted to his principal object, the description of the famous temples of Elora, and some general remarks upon the Hindoo Pantheon; and the remaining two hundred and twenty pages consist of miscellaneous observations upon India in general, communicating particularly the author's views in regard to missionary exertions.

Captain Seely is doubtless a man of observation and intelligence; but he has given us rather too much of himself; his egotism appears indeed even in the best passages of his volume. It is too evident, also, that his prepossessions against the missionaries have betrayed him into great inconsistencies in regard to the Hindoo character. Sometimes our poor heathen subjects are described by him as most grossly vicious, and at others as all perfection. Such is invariably the result of prejudice. We shall not dwell, however, upon these portions

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