TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY WRIOTHESly, EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON, AND BARON OF TICHFIELD. RIGHT HONOURABLE, I know not how I shall offend in dedicating my unpolished lines to your lordship, nor how the world will censure me for choosing so strong a prop to support so weak a burden: only, if your honour seem but pleased, I account myself highly praised, and vow to take advantage of all idle hours, till I have honoured you with some graver labour. But if the first heir of my invention prove deformed, I shall be sorry it had so noble a god-father, and never after ear so barren a land, for fear it yield me still so bad a harvest. I leave it to your honourable survey, and your honour to your heart's content; which I wish may always answer your own wish, and the world's hopeful expectation. Your honour's in all duty, WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. a-and never after ear so barren a land,-] To ear is to plough or till: So in "All's Well That Ends Well," Act I. Sc. 3,-"He that ears my land, spares my team," &c. Again in "King Richard II." Act III. Sc. 2,- " and let them go THIS poem, if we are to accept the expression in the introductory epistle-"the first heir of my invention"-literally, was Shakespeare's earliest composition. Some critics conceive it to have been written, indeed, before he quitted Stratford; but the question when and where it was produced has yet to be decided. It was entered on the Stationers' Registers by Richard Field, as "licensed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Wardens," in 1593, and the first edition was printed in the same year. This edition was speedily exhausted, and a second by the same printer was put forth in 1594. This again was followed by an octavo impression in 1596, and so much was the poem in demand that it had reached a fifth edition by 1602. After this date it was often reprinted, and copies of 1616, 1620, 1624, and 1627 are still extant. Its popularity, as Mr. Collier observes, is established also by the frequent mention of it in early writers. "In the early part of Shakspeare's life, his poems seem to have gained him more reputation than his plays ;-at least they are oftener mentioned or alluded to. Thus the author of an old comedy, called The Return from Parnassus, written about 1602, in his review of the poets of the time, says not a word of his dramatick compositions, but allots him his portion of fame solely on account of the poems that he had produced."-MALONE. The text adopted in the present reprint of "Venus and Adonis" is that of the first quarto, 1593, collated with the best of the later editions. Here come and sit, where never serpent hisses, "And yet not cloy thy lips with loath'd satiety, A summer's day will seem an hour but short, Over one arm the lusty courser's rein, She red and hot as coals of glowing fire, The studded bridle on a ragged bough Backward she push'd him, as she would be thrust, And govern'd him in strength, though not in lust. So soon was she along, as he was down, "If thou wilt chide, thy lips shall never open." He saith she is immodest, blames her 'miss; b What follows more she murders with a kiss. Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Even so she kiss'd his brow, his cheek, his chin, Forc'd to content, but never to obey, 8- precedent-] Precedent appears to be used here in the sense of sign, or indicator. b- blames her 'miss ;] Amiss is elsewhere employed by Shakespeare as a substantive; thus in "Hamlet," Act IV. Sc. 5, "Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss." See also Sonnet XXXV. e Tires-] To tire is to peck, to tear, to prey. d Forc'd to content,-] To acquiescence. e-a river that is rank,-] "Rank" meant brimming, full, &c. Thus in "Julius Cæsar," Act III. Sc. 1,— She feedeth on the steam as on a prey, Wishing her cheeks were gardens full of flowers, So they were dew'd with such-distilling showers. Look, how a bird lies tangled in a net, So fasten'd in her arms Adonis lies; angry eyes: Rain added to a river that is rank, Perforce will force it overflow the bank. Still she entreats, and prettily entreats, Look how he can, she cannot choose but love; Till he take truce with her contending tears, Which long have rain'd, making her cheeks all wet; And one sweet kiss shall pay this countless debt. Upon this promise did he raise his chin, But when her lips were ready for his pay, Never did passenger in summer's heat Yet hath he been my captive and my slave, And begg'd for that which thou unask'd shalt have. "Over my altars hath he hung his lance, Scorning his churlish drum, and ensign red, "Who else must be let blood, who else is rank;" unless in that passage "rank" expresses too luxuriant, too hightopped. So, too, in Drayton's "Barons' Wars," 1603, "Fetching full tides, luxurious, high, and rank.” fyet her fire must burn:] So read the editions, 1593, 1594, 1596; the later copies have,-" yet in fire must burn." g To toy,-] The reading of the two earliest copies. The later ones have, "To coy," &c. "Thus he that overrul'd I oversway'd, O, be not proud, nor brag not of thy might, "Touch but my lips with those fair lips of thine,Though mine be not so fair, yet are they red,The kiss shall be thine own as well as mine:What see'st thou in the ground? hold up thy head; Look in mine eyeballs, there thy beauty lies; Then why not lips on lips, since eyes in eyes? "Art thou asham'd to kiss? then wink again, And I will wink; so shall the day seem night; Love keeps his revels where there are but twain ; Be bold to play, our sport is not in sight: These blue-vein'd violets whereon we lean "The tender spring upon thy tempting lip Fair flowers that are not gather'd in their prime "Were I hard-favour'd, foul, or wrinkled-old, Ill-natur'd, crooked, churlish, harsh in voice, O'er-worn, despised, rheumatic, and cold, Thick-sighted, barren, lean, and lacking juice, Then mightst thou pause, for then I were not for thee; But having no defects, why dost abhor me? "Thou canst not see one wrinkle in my brow; Mine eyes are grey, and bright, and quick in turning; My beauty as the spring doth yearly grow, Would in thy palm dissolve, or seem to melt. "" Bid me discourse, I will enchant thine ear, Or, like a fairy, trip upon the green, Or, like a nymph, with long dishevell❜d hair, Dance on the sands, and yet no footing seen : Love is a spirit all compact of fire, Not gross to sink. but light, and will aspire. "Witness this primrose bank whereon I lie ; These forceless flowers like sturdy trees support [sky, Two strengthless doves will draw me through the From morn till night, even where I list to sport me; me: Is love so light, sweet boy, and may it be That thou shouldst think it heavy unto thee? compact-] Made up, compounded. b Souring-] Misprinted To wring, in the quarto, 1593. ebut died unkind!] "Unkind" in this place is explained to mean unnatural, a sense we have seen the word frequently bore; but may it not signify here, without generation: without 723 "Is thine own heart to thine own face affected? "Torches are made to light, jewels to wear, Dainties to taste, fresh beauty for the use, Herbs for their smell, and sappy plants to Dear; Things growing to themselves are growth's abuse: Seeds spring from seeds, and beauty breedeth beauty, Thou wast begot,-to get it is thy duty. Upon the earth's increase why shouldst thou feed, By this, the love-sick queen began to sweat, Wishing Adonis had his team to guide, The sun doth burn my face; I must remove." "Ah me," quoth Venus, "young, and so unkind? I'll make a shadow for thee of my hairs; "Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth? Art thou a woman's son, and canst not feel What 't is to love? how want of love tormenteth? O, had thy mother borne so hard a mind, She had not brought forth thee, but died unkind!* "What am I, that thou shouldst contemnd me this? Or what great danger dwells upon my suit? What were thy lips the worse for one poor kiss? "Fie, lifeless picture, cold and senseless stone, Thou art no man, though of a man's complexion, This said, impatience chokes her pleading tongue, And now her sobs do her intendments break. Fondling," she saith, "since I have hemm'd thee here, Within the circuit of this ivory pale, "Within this limit is relief enough, Sweet bottom-grass, and high-delightful plain, Then be my deer, since I am such a park; At this Adonis smiles as in disdain, Foreknowing well, if there he came to lie, These lovely caves, these round enchanting pits, Now which way shall she turn? what shall she say? Her words are done, her woes the more increasing; c stand on end; ] "Our author uses mane as composed of many hairs, as plural."-MALONE. Pity," she cries, some favour-some remorse!" Away he springs, and hasteth to his horse. Imperiously he leaps, he neighs, he bounds, The iron bit he crushes 'tween his teeth, His ears up-prick'd; his braided hanging mane His eye, which scornfully glisters like fire, Shows his hot courage and his high desire. Sometime he trots, as if he told the steps, With gentle majesty and modest pride; Anon he rears upright, curvets and leaps, As who should say, Lo, thus my strength is tried, And this I do to captivate the eye Of the fair breeder that is standing by. What recketh he his rider's angry stir, He sees his love, and nothing else he sees, Look, when a painter would surpass the life, So did this horse excel a common one,d strong, Thick mane, thick tail, broad buttock, tender hide : Look, what a horse should have he did not lack, Save a proud rider on so proud a back. |